Advantages of Tourism in Cambodia

Members of Group: Toch Sovan Vichet (Christ Anderson) Mou Serei Rithy Huy Serey Pharo Hy Ly Ming Kim Lichou. Members of Group: Toch Sovan Vichet (Christ Anderson) Mou Serei Rithy Huy Serey Pharo Hy Ly Ming Kim Lichou. ID : 03021 Room : Aii 507 Time : 9:30 – 10:30 ID : 03021 Room : Aii 507 Time : 9:30 – 10:30 Advantages of Tourism Advantages of Tourism I n the world, there are a lot of countries to visited, and in one country there are a lot of tourisms that come from all over the world.Like in Cambodia a according to the Ministry of Tourism rate on 2013, Cambodia had welcome 1,500,000 tourisms that come from all over the world such as Korea, Japan, United Stated, French, Vietnam, Thai, Laos, Singapore, Africa, †¦ etc. Tourism is a collection of activities, services, and industries that deliver a travel experience including transportation, accommodation, eating and drinking, establishments, retail shops, entertainment businesses, activities, and other hospitality se rvices provided to individuals travelling away from home.Tourists are people who travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for more than twenty-four hours and not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other activities remunerated from within the place visited. Part from entertaining tourists, tourism has a number of advantages and disadvantages to the most common tourist areas. People working in the tourism sector have an advantage in that one gets to meet many new people from different parts of the world or country, which enhances social interaction, and creation of links with them.Another advantage is that tourism enhances foreign exchange where goods and services that are not available in this areas. Consequently, it creates an opportunity to market commodities from these areas in the regional and foreign markets. It also results to development and improvement of facilities and services, which is beneficial to the local people. Moreover, tour ism encourages the preservation and celebration of local festivals and cultural activities. When a local community, for instance, organizes a cultural dance to entertain visitors it ensures that such cultural activities will be sustained in the end.This is because it will attract tourist who are interested in cultural activities of different communities and the locals on the other hand will continue practicing them to attract the tourists and in turn benefit from their visit. In addition, tourism encourages the learning of new languages and skills. As tourists come around, they learn the local language as they interact with the locals, so do the people of this area learn the visitors' language. This promotes cultural exchange in a way. Both the tourist and the locals learn different languages that enhance communication between them and in turn better understanding Murphy.Tourism also provides direct employment to the people who work in various tourism attractions. Tourism relies on hotels, bars, curio shops, and shops. Therefore, people who are employed to run this spots benefit from employment. This translates to a considerable increase in the living standards of the people and a reduction in the rate of unemployment. It is understood that as the government works hard to promote tourism in a given area, it ensures that there is environmental protection such as prohibition of deforestation as forests in a particular area could serve as tourist site.Forests, water catchment areas, caves and other natural antiquities therefore need to be protected. This means that as the government provides resources to take care of these places, the locals also benefit. Tourism happens to have more advantages than the disadvantages and hence should be encouraged, both the tourists and the locals should be encouraged to be of benefit to each other and try to reduce the misshapen that might result from tourism and both parties benefit from each other. However, in some areas, the locals consider a visit by a foreigner as intrusion and often see them with suspicion.It its therefore necessary that such people be made aware that the tourists are up to no other interests and in the long run benefits from tourism accrue to the either directly or indirectly. There are a number of benefits of tourism for both the tourist and the host destination. On a large scale it offers a good alternative to some more destructive industries for generating income both on nationally and privately. In many places the introduction and development of tourism allows local people an opportunity for economic and educational growth that would not otherwise be available.In addition, it allows both the tourist and the local community  a chance to experience other cultures, which broadens understanding. If properly used, tourism generated income can be tremendously beneficial to the host country and its local communities. Tourism generated income can be used on a national and local level to better education, improve infrastructure, to fund conservation efforts, and to promote more responsible tourism. Harmful Impacts of Tourism are although tourism can be very beneficial, especially economically, to the host destination, there are many strings attached.Tourism inevitably brings with it environmental and cultural degradation. Though these impacts are closely entered twined, here they will be addressed separately. Environmental Impacts of Tourism are Tourism has vastly different faces, as different people enjoy different types of vacations. An all centric traveler would enjoy backpacking through a distant jungle with little more than the bare necessities while some people prefer a beach front luxury hotel with all the comforts and conveniences of  home.The introduction of the â€Å"mega resort† has been one of the most economically successful and environmentally destructive additions to the tourism industry. Large corporate owned resorts, which are usually ba sed in countries other than those in which they exist, rarely give back to the local communities on which they depend and thrive. More often than not, lower level positions such as maids, cooks, waiters, and bellhops are available to the local residents while upper level and management positions are reserved for corporate immigrants.Not only does heavy construction aid erosion (especially in tropical climates) but essentially, construction and development equals pollution. Tourist generated pollution comes from things such as rental car exhaust and oil leaks, machinery used to build hotels, commercial airplanes, and airport construction just to name a few To a greater extent, after the completion of construction, tourists as a group consume a tremendous amount of natural resources and produce an equally tremendous amount of waste. The influx of tourists into a community creates a transient but permanent population increase.Two major problems arise from a sudden population increase:à ‚   an over consumption of resources, and an over production of waste. Over consumption causes problems such as water shortages, frequent loss of electricity, and over fishing of local waters. The over production of waste is an ever-present threat to tourist communities. This shows itself in the form of water and air pollution, liter, and the frequent overflow of sewage systems. As a result of these types of waste many places experience loss of potable water, loss of local animal populations, and the spread of disease and infection.The degradation of local infrastructure results from the heavy traffic of cars and tour buses. This is especially a problem in developing nations where cars are not a household item and roads and bridges were not designed to withstand heavy traffic. In situations involving tourist oriented corporations that return most of their profits to their own countries, the host communities are left to foot the bill for repairing the damages. Cultural Impacts of Tou rism  are In addition to tourism's environmental impacts on host destinations; there are also many important cultural issues to consider.Some of these issues result from the environmental impacts that carry over into the community. For instance, the inability of local business owners to compete with large corporations. Development of land also causes land prices to rise so that local residents cannot afford to buy. Most tourists are oblivious as to the extent of the impact they have on their host community. The tourism industry has a tendency to view local people as either a pool of waiters, bellhops, laundresses, and gardeners; or performers and spectacles for the tourists to see. This is evident even in our own Native American reservations.Things as simple and thoughtless as a tourist walking through a local market in little more than a bathing suit, not only offend, but contribute to the undermining of social standards. This type of tourist behavior demonstrates a lack of respe ct for the local culture. As local residents witness this lack of respect, they also witness the fact that many of the tourists are enjoying luxuries (i. e. heated water for bathing) that are not available to them. The combination of these things can cause tension between the local residents and the tourist population.And often to a further extent there is an increase in crime, mostly in the way of petty theft and pick pocketing, but sometimes sexual assault. Ecotourism and Sustainable Development are Ecotourism is quickly becoming a buzzword with travel agencies and trendy traveler. It fronts many glossy advertisements and seeks to entice the nature loving tourist to â€Å"exotic† locations. However, it is found that the term is frequently being misused and misrepresented. Ecotourism is generally seen by the host destination as a good way to fund education and environmental conservation and protection.The tourism industry is now using â€Å"green tourism† as a marketi ng tool and it seems to be working. According to a 1995 Travel Industry Survey, 83% of travelers support â€Å"green† travel companies and are willing to spend more for travel services and products designed to conserve the environment. Finally, when properly practiced, ecotourism is carried out through things such as the use of alternative energy sources, by intensive recycling programs in tourist areas, and by using alternative transportation within a tourist area (i. e. bicycles, hiking, man powered boats).These are only a few examples of how ecotourism can be practiced. In essence, ecotourism is a manifestation of sustainable development. That is, economic, cultural, and environmental development that â€Å"meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs,†. By adopting the principle of sustainable development, all those involved in the tourism industry, tourism corporations, airlines, tourists, and reside nts of host destinations can achieve the practice of ecotourism and greatly reduce the impacts that tourism has on the host destination.Tourism is a fascinating industry in that it is our first â€Å"invisible† export industry. Although there are many beneficial aspects to tourism, it must be closely monitored and regulated in order to preserve itself and host destinations. It is the responsibility of everyone involved to contribute to the preservation of these host destinations. Local communities should not and cannot be expected to clean up after the tourist. Education of developers is also very important. It is important that the developers of the world realize that money can still be made from environmentally and culturally friendly tourism.Bigger is not always better. Especially where travel is concerned, smaller is often more attractive to the tourist that wants to â€Å"get away. † Local governments and conservation organizations everywhere can aid in policy imp lementation and regulation. Compliance should not be difficult if it is regulated and encouraged by everyone. We has reached a desperate point environmentally and action is imperative. If widespread construction continues, there will be no more tropical paradises, no more retreats into nature, no more â€Å"getting away. † The End The End

To Document Ella Baker’s Life

To document Ella Baker's life is to recount the history of the civil rights movement. Whenever there was a cause to fight for or a group to organize, this dedicated women was there. Ella was born 1903, she grew up and received her education in North Carolina. Upon and at one time, president of the New York branch Ella went South in the 1950s to help the civil rights movement as it was developing in Alabama. With 30 years of organizing experience under her belt, Ella's advice to Martin Luther King, Jr. nd other leaders of the Montgomery bus boycott in 1955 was invaluable. She stayed South and helped Dr. King set up the headquarters of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference(SCLC). A few years later she played an important part in helping to organize student sit-in demonstrations that were occurring all over the South. This activity led to the formation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), one of the most powerful student-activist movements formed in U. S. history. She also helped to found the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party in 1964, which helped to give African Americans in Mississippi more political power. Ella continued to serve as the â€Å"godmother† and mentor of SNCC as it moved into other human rights issues. Her greatest asset was her ability to organize and mobilize people of all generations. Although her name was not publicized as much as other male leaders, the civil rights movement would not have been the same without her. Shortly before her death in 1986, a documentary titled â€Å"Fundi: The Story of Ella Baker† was aired on public television. Fundi is the Swahili word for a person who passes on skill to a younger generation. It is a fitting description of Ella Baker's legacy. graduating from Shaw University, she moved to New York City just before the Depression of 1929. There she became active in various causes. She worked briefly with the Work Projects Administration (WPA) and then worked to end discrimination in organized labor through the NAACP.

Case Study About Ebola Essay

Throughout this world over the course of centuries, there were many deadly diseases and plagues that killed people or killed an entire population. From the black plague to chickenpox, disease have a huge impact on the population and countries as a whole. Just recently, the virus, Ebola, has made its way through countries across the world and have killed many people. Some people do not know what exactly Ebola is or how it kills people, but people need to discover the importance of the disease and how we as people are preventing it. Ebola is a hemorrhagic virus, part of the virus family called Filoviridae, that consists of 5 other Ebola diseases. Ebola started in the Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo with an infectious person. The infected person then spread the virus to thousands of people which lead to between 1,552 to 1,716 cases of Ebola. What causes this virus among many people are blood on a human as well as bodily fluids of infected or sick animals. Once these fluid s are in or affect the human body, the virus Ebola will infect the whole body of an individual. The symptoms of the virus Ebola are active two to three weeks after contracting the virus. Some common symptoms of Ebola are a very high fever, sore throat, muscle pain, as well as a headache. The high fever weakens the body to perform at an all time low and it is hard for the patient to move around or communicate. After the basic symptoms occur, more complex and harsher conditions come on to the patient. The patient would soon feel very sick and begin to vomit, develop a harsh rash, and develop a lot of very painful diarrhea. One scientist on the virus Ebola describes the virus: â€Å"Ebola then turns the insides of its host into jelly: you begin to vomit black junk which is basically your dissolved liver and internal organs.†. Though we live in a modern technological and medical world, there is no treatment to be found to fully cure an infected human being. Some people in the world have not fully treated the disease by tried abnormal treatments. People infected my go on oral rehydration therapy (salty/sweet water diet) or drink intravenous fluids. The virus is so deadly, that its kills nearly 50 to 90 percent of its patients infected with the virus. Because there is no treatment, there are only way to prevent the disease from starting or spreading. The way the disease can not spread or develop is by checking animals (origin of disease) for infections or making sure not fluids make contact with human skin. Along with checking animals,  humans need to wear protective gear to check, kill, and correctly dispose of the animal or people with Ebola. Many believe a quarantine has done a good job to separate the virus from virus-free people. Some people in the Congo believe that just washing the hands may prevent the virus from attacking a human. Although countries have come a long way in preventing the disease, the disease had made it was closer to other countries and has found a way into the United States. There have been a handful of United States citizens who have been affected but have been â€Å"cured†. One case has been found in Texas when a man has not realized he was infected until three weeks later. Because Ebola is a harsh, developing disease across the country and is growing concern, the United States and other coun ty’s organizations have come to fight the disease. Before the virus, Ebola, has spread into the United States and friendly countries, the United States stepped up to fight the deadly disease. The current president, Barack Obama, has taken a huge to step to help fight the disease while other foreign problems, like Isis or Syria, has started over the last couple of months. Some ways the United States has been involved in fighting the disease is by sending in thousands of soldiers. By sending in soldiers, the virus Ebola can be obtained more easily and create less of the spread. Also, the United States has also planned and announced the 22 million dollar project to create hospitals to station and help patients fight Ebola. This hospital will contain 100 beds and 500 health care providers per week. What other countries, international aid organizations, and the UN have done to fight the disease is provide health care systems. Although the health care systems are to help the patients, the systems failed miserably and collapsed under the strain of the virus, Ebola. Also, other countries like Britain, have send more than 40 troops and humanitarian staff members to help cure and c onstruct hospitals to fight the disease. At last, how do we develop health care infrastructures? One main position of creating health care infrastructures will focus on the people in poverty and helping them become distant from the disease. If we can eliminate the poverty community from Ebola, we can decrease the spread of it. At last, what we as people need to do is to donate or help out the system in which would put a huge dent and impact into cures and preventions for viruses such as Ebola. Although the disease is deadly, two principles can be applied to the deadly disease called Ebola.  Two principles that apply to the virus Ebola are human dignity and common good. Human dignity is something that can be taken away. One thing that can be taken away from Ebola patients is assisted or mandatory death. Common Good is for the benefit and interest of all. One action that benefits and interests all is to find a cure for the disease. In conclusion about Ebola, the rise of Ebola has started in our country and we need a way to find to cure Ebola around the world.

Information Technology Application in Marketing Homework Essay

Information Technology Application in Marketing Homework - Essay Example There are several reasons that underpin Facebook Popularity, and a possible continued lead in the social media platform. Some of them discussed below. First, the product creator understands the value of customers and the need to be at par with their changing needs and preference. Although Facebook is a unique product that may not need much attention, it requires persistent value addition to make it lively and relevant to the existing and new users. This continually led to invention and creativity of the highest degree to keep consumers at the edge, yearning for more each day. Facebook, continue to redesign their user interface to bring a whole and fresh experience to various users who desire for a more fulfilling service even with their phones, which might lack high specification. The user interface is unrivalled. The support department, working around the clock, and takes subscribers suggestion seriously creates a true sense of belonging that any product creator will need with his customers. Evident in this light of the argument is the recent change in the Facebook user interface after many subscribers demanded for a change. Such trends also happed in the past, which have conceived the present face of the network. According to Luten (146), customer value is the epic of marketing, and a key determinant of market position and leadership. Security issues serve a major boost to Facebook compared to MySpace. Looking at individual user profiles, most people give true data and more information that is sensitive. Aware of this possible loophole that might explain the increase plummeting of MySpace popularity among users, Facebook majors on connecting people who at least know each other. People feel safe connecting with people they know as opposed to strangers. In 2008, the reality found its way down to many users who viewed the need to be secure online. This was a period of escalating cybercrimes, and users demanded a safe and

To read a story and write about it Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

To read a story and write about it - Essay Example To him, life became unbearable when his he even decided to attend new meetings to improve on the knowledge he had, as the unemployment benefits were running were almost ending, the cost of living was rising up in Washington. It was after searching from town to town of Pennsylvania, New York, Kentucky among others, in different companies that one call came from a headhunter and said it would be a perfect job for him, only to be asked why he never wrote about his bachelor’s degree. The author said that he never did one, and was told it is one requirement that would have made him prefect. At that moment, it came clear why the writer got rejections and at times no responses from his resumes. He realized he was not self-sufficient and was living a lie. To him, he had known that he had all what it takes in terms of knowledge and skills to get the jobs, but his thinking was shattered. It then clicked in his mind that he needed to put things right, by first looking for ways to improve himself, by furthering his education, changing his thinking process and ideas on education. He decided to tie it all together after following some adverts he once saw on TV and the internet about Phoenix university, and went back to continue his education. Over the learning period, the writer discovered three things that people say, never fear failure, and honesty is the best policy. They term it so because they believe that failure gives room for learning opportunities for growth. He quotes, â€Å"Thomas Edison failed thousand times to create the filament for light bulbs.† He later succeeded after not giving up. To be a failure means giving up and accepting that one cannot succeed. But the â€Å"I say† part of the writer is that he believes that if he wakes up in the morning, people can make a difference in the world in way or another. He says that people’s perception of failure is taken to be, that failure is bad, people look at what was done and what was left undone. But where they

Law Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law Ethics - Essay Example Regardless, Title VII's notions have stood up in court, and this means that it has to be acknowledged in the workplace. This is true of the Eatman case, and through further analysis, once can display the fact that UPS's intentions were clearly in the wrong, as Title IV does not allow them to fire on the basis of religious discrimination. Title VII does not allow anyone to be discriminated against on the basis of race, sex, sexual preference, or religion in the workplace. Those who have particularly religious ideals (i.e. certain holidays that must be observed, as in the Jewish faith) cannot be discriminated against by the company on the basis of these ideals. This law has been written to include any standard religious observance and thus needs to be carefully observed and respected by companies. Therefore, if companies are not allowed to discriminate on the basis of religion, they are certainly not able to discriminate against one's choice of dress because of his or her religion. While UPS does have a policy that only UPS hats can be worn on the job, in light of Eatman's known religious preference, an exception should have been made to this rule. Eatman is of the Rastafarian religion and was mandated to wear a turban to cover his dreadlocks; certainly there is no harm in this mandate. Since it was a religious policy , UPS should not have discriminated against this desire, as it is a violation of Title VII to do this.UPS further violated Title VII by actually taking the step of firing Eatman over the situation. This is demonstrating a clear act of discrimination against one of a different religion. The concept of termination is not an acceptable approach in this situation, and it is in clear violation of Title VII. Obviously Eatman had disclosed his religion and his reason for wanting to wear a turban. Since this was a religious preference and because Title VII protects religious preference in the workplace, UPS should have given into the original request. UPS does not have any right to fire somebody on the basis of wearing a turban instead of a hat for his or her religion. Had Eatman demonstrated gross negligence or demonstrated the fact that he could not successfully complete his job,that would have been another item. But the wearing of a turban versus a hat certainly has no bearing on the ove rall job performance. It is acknowledged that UPS has a policy about wearing hats, but again, the fact that this was a religious preference and request should have been considered. Not considering a religious request is a clear violation of Title VII, and UPS has certainly mistreated Eatman and his requests.In order to correct this issue, UPS must first allow Eatman to come back to his job. Since the firing on the basis of the hat policy was discriminatory and unethical, Eatman should be awarded his job. Furthermore, UPS needs to rewrite their business policies in general to make sure that their policies do not allow for any type of discrimination on the basis of race, sex, gender, sexual preference, or religion. UPS, as a company, will need to review all aspects of its policies in order to make sure that they are being fair and ethical as far as the concept of non-discrimination according to Title VII is concerned. This may need to involve all board members or stockholders, and wil l

Lab report paraphrase Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Paraphrase - Lab Report Example In addition to that, the same outputs must conclude in each of the NAND and BOR circuits. The properties were tested at the time of functional simulation, and proven during the hardware testing when the light on the FPGA board was programmed to turn on given there was an output of 1. The timing delay was also tested through the timing simulation. The outcome of the waveform was that it worked successfully the way it was supposed to. The design of the three circuits was made as an RTL schematic and each of the circuits had specific settings as it’s shown in figure 1.1. The second step was to transfer the three circuit’s design through USB to the FPGA for them to be tested as to whether they work properly or not. For Y1, Y2, and Y3 (as shown in Figure 1.2), 16 possibility variables were included. The graph as represented in Figure 1.3 is called the functional simulation. The functional simulation graph reveals the output results of the given variables of the functions. This simulation occurs in such a way that bumps in the graph represents the function when it equates to 1, while the straight lines represents the function when it equates to 0. Inclusively, the graph proves the assertion that NAND and BOR circuits have the same outcome (i.e. Give the same output). As shown in Figure 1.4, the function variables are represented in a timely interval and there variations with time. As a result the representation information that is accrued from the circuit can be obtained accordingly within the graph. Following the same logic as per the functional simulation, the bumps in the graph represents the function when it equates to 1, while the straight lines represents the function when it equates to 0. Of importance to note is that the graph also reveals propagation delay that occurs each time variables go through the logic gates in the timing simulation. By thoroughly following the steps as in the lab manual provided, the three

Health Issues in Corrections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Health Issues in Corrections - Essay Example Studies show that most women who are admitted into the correction system are in their child-bearing years and a good number of these women are mothers who have history of gynecological problems (Fearn and Parker, 2005). In fact, a good number of these women are young mothers who have been subjected to abuse by their partners (Fearn and Parker, 2005). In most cases, women who are brought to the correction facilities are in poor health and are suffering from different types of physical and mental problems. The emergence of inequity in delivery of healthcare services to inmates coupled by the increasing number of women in incarceration and complexities of the health problems that these women often face make it difficult for the correction system to provide these women with adequate healthcare (Harrison and Beck, 2005; Marquart et. al., 2009). The fact some correction facilities now have a ballooning number of inmates and some of the inmates require special medical care put strain on the healthcare system within the correction facilities (Marquart et. al., 2009). Although the correction system has considerably improved since the Supreme Court’s decision in the case of Estelle v. Gamble (1976)1, there are still a number of things that need improvement in the provision of healthcare services to inmates. ... II. Defining the Cause of the Medical Problems Faced by Prisoners There are many reasons why prisoners, especially women, face several cases of medical problems. Most inmates who are in prison suffer from a number of health issues but the most compelling reason for this situation is that most of these people who are in prison already have a history of poor health. According to Green et. al (2009), the life course perspective of both male and female inmates often involves health problems stemming from their socio-economic status and lifestyle before and during incarceration. For instance, in 1998, about 24 percent of women who were admitted to the correction system had a history of mental health and 78 percent of these women have suffered physical and mental abuse before their incarceration (Harrison and Beck, 2005). The gender specific cases of physical and mental abuse made women more vulnerable to certain types of mental conditions which often manifest when they are under stress or are confined inside a correction facility (Green et. al, 2009). Aside from the effects of gender specific abuse, health problems that are mostly associated with African-American women are also prevalent. About 37 percent of the women who are incarcerated are African-American who has history of hypertension and diabetes (Harrison and Beck, 2005). The health problems of these women can be traced back to their socio-economic status prior to their incarceration. According to Harrison and Beck (2005), about 50 percent of the women who were admitted to the correction system are mothers who have been unemployed during the month of their arrest and incarceration and out of this number,

WK4 assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

WK4 assignment - Essay Example The article explores all of the above mentioned technologies in great detail wherein the author takes care to cover all the possible dangers that these high-end technologies may be attached to. The style of writing is argumentative wherein at first it seems that the writer is dead against the rise of scientific advancement beyond what it is today because of his foresight that , the very technology that humans invent may be the primary reasons for human extinction in the coming centuries; however, as one diligently reads through the entire work, it becomes relatively clear that the article also embraces a certain extent of muted optimism, wherein the writer balances out his arguments with greater trust and hope based on ethical principles. This article is not merely based on the personal thoughts and arguments of the writer alone, the entire context takes into account ideas, words and thoughts of other well known scientists and researchers related to scientific fields and presents a f ew excerpts from books written by eminent authors on similar context. The article is a well thought out piece where each and every argument that has been neatly presented holds great value. Bill Joy has reasons to fear the power that man is now creating and his strong pessimism against the developing technologies is not without base. He first discusses about the robotic technology. In his article he presents an excerpt (the New Luddite Challenge) from a book written by Theodore Kaczynski which surfaces the fact that humans will create machines to make their tasks easier and to completely enable them to work independently sans human supervision, the robots will be enabled with the power to think and make decisions. The idea being that you should be able to give the robot a goal, a mission, and the robot should be able to take actions based on the mission and whatever information becomes available (Gupta, 2010), and the results of these actions are believed to be better than those of humans. Joy fears that humans would ultimately become so dependent on these machines that the very existence of human form will become questionable without the life support of robots. The case may reach such an extreme that exterminating the machines would just mean suicide for the human race. Reading Han Morovec’s book Robot: Mere Machine to Transcendent Mind, Joy’s pessimism is enhanced because this book too believes in the fact that the human race would fade as a repercussion to vigorous competition among robotic industries. In fact even Darwin’s principle of survival holds true here. In the eyes of Bill Joy, the advancement in the field of genetic engineering is another major reason for his pessimistic attitude. The immense power that a genetic engineer beholds in manipulating microorganisms and using them to alter the DNA makeup of anything that catches his fancy may fall in the wrong hands. Good things in the wrong hands can never be good, because the powe r maybe exploited to only cause harm and his fears are not completely untrue because emerging bio-terror is a major concern today. â€Å"It will soon be possible to synthesize the genome for smallpox; preventing access to samples will then no longer be a protection† (Caplan & Magnus, 2002) and once again a bio-terror maybe initiated and the case maybe the same with all other diseases. His third and last pessimistic view is about nanotechnology, the science of manipulating atoms, the basic constituent of life which when used in a controlled manner could solve all major problems ailing humans ranging from curing diseases to low cost of technologies. But, obviously something this powerful can be used as a destructive weapon too.

DE Beers Diamond Dilemma Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

DE Beers Diamond Dilemma - Case Study Example Political factors These factors emerge from the various policies, which are imposed by the government. De Beers as an incorporation had to deal with different political upheaval since it operated in different countries and had to sell its products to different countries as well (Gillespie, 2009). The political upheaval in Soviet Union in the year 1991 causes a lot of profit loss to De Beers Incorporation (Danielle, 2005). Before this upheaval, the Soviet Union and De Beer Incorporation had trading agreements and that dates back to the year 1950s. In this same year, deposits of Diamond were found in Siberia and from the trading agreement; Soviet Union had agreed to sell all their diamonds to this Incorporation. The integration of the Soviet system resulted into the collapse of the trading agreements that De Beer had with them and therefore, the enforcement of the various contracts were not possible. The political upheaval in Angola in the year 1990 also weakened the operations of De B eer Incorporation. The rebels were able to take control of major diamonds mines from the then President Dos Santos and this forced De Beer to purchase blood diamonds. Apart from Angola, other African countries, which were trading partners for De Beer, also suffered a lot of political upheaval. Countries like Sierra Leone, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Liberia were equally affected by the political upheaval and that led to reduced trading by De Beer. Trading in blood diamond later caused the company many revenues following their exposure in the year 1998. Economic factors Changes in the economy greatly affected the operations and organization of many business corporations (Gillespie, 2009). Due to hard economic times in diamond trade in the year 1999, De Beer was able to experience some shifts in its value chain (Danielle, 2005). A lot of integration in terms of forward and backward movement was experienced. Many investments in mines by the retail outlets were being experienced a t that time and at the same time many mines were equally becoming retailers. This integration proved it tough for De Beer since the company returns were greatly reduced. In the same year, jeweler Tiffany and Company that has been sourcing most of diamonds from De Beer announced its withdrawal and it bought some mining concerns from Canada at a cost worth $ 104 million. These economic factors affected De Beer Company and the Company opted to safeguard its market dominance. The safeguarding practiced proved to be very expensive for this company since it was forced to buy diamonds from inflated prices. Some of the diamonds, which were purchased at inflated prices, were later sold at very low prices. The emergence of Australian Argyle Company into the diamond trade further weakened the market bases for De Beer since this company was able to produce low quality diamonds, which were later sold cheaply. The inflation in prices of diamonds from other countries where De Beer was sourcing the m also made this company in the year 1990 to lose a lot of its market share (Danielle, 2005). The share price for this company was also able to reduce from 17 to 12 $ between the year, 1989 and the year 1998 and the fall in price presented a percentage drop of close to 30. Social factors These factors generally affect the demands of the various products produced by an organization. These factors circumrotate on the labor and the workforce within an organization (Gillespie, 2009). The processing of diamond in De Beer Company had several processing industries, which were helpful in the cutting and polishing of the processed diamonds. The Indians dominated the workforce in the organization and close to 1 million workers in the processing

Life without computers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Life without computers - Research Paper Example Paper work has been reduced and large data regarding inventories and customer records can be maintained daily. Speed, accuracy and reliability are the hallmark of this technology. Millions of transactions can be performed in a very less time as compared to days without computer. Therefore, it is evident that computer is the blessing of science and one can perform numerous tasks without physical involvement. This has set pace to the life and has almost made the life indispensible without computers. Computer networking has made data sharing very easy. Now people can share huge amount of data programs without any problem. In future, it is going to possible to connect hundred of devices to fulfill different needs. Shrinking size of computers and then technology of laptops has made it convenient to get out of the office and use computers. This helps in remaining in touch with the people of the outside world. Certain colleges in developed countries have also offered students to share data with other students using computer networking. Computer networking within an organization and then down to within an office has made the job easy. Huge quantity of data can be shared with each other while sitting thousands of miles apart. Close circuit television cameras (CCTV) are now used to cater for any security threat to important areas. These cameras are interconnected to computer through networking and then monitored with the help of computer screens (Weiser 97). Internet technology has enhanced the use of computers manifolds. Initially it was only used by US defense department for military purpose and after seeing success it was introduced to general people. This has truly changed the world into the global village. Still the advancement is unstoppable. Now the world has almost entered the age of digital connectivity. Internet has become indispensible to people in a very short time due to its number of functions. Because of its

Need for Survival Essay Example for Free

Need for Survival Essay The first topic I will be talking about is your need for physical survival. There is the need for food and water you will need shelter and some other odds and ends. You will need food first of all you will need to find a place that produces a sufficient amount of food such as a vegetable patch or a shop or a farm. In the book tomorrow when the war began they went to one of the houses that had a good well running vegetable patch and they choose good fruit and vegetables that would last for a good and long period of time. Also during the story they ended up using the shearers quarters to hide from the army people this was also done to get out of the weather. They had many water supplies they had the water in hell the opened out dam the water in the bottles. In the episode of man vs wild he found a snake in by the creek and he caught it and he bit just behind the jaw line and it killed the snake instantly he saved the snake until later when he had set up his shelter and fire he found a shelter in an old cave he set up his fire and he then sat the snake on it until it cooked properly while the snake was cooking he went of and found a hole in which had dirty water in the bottom he used his shirt some charcoal and some rocks and dirt to act as a strainer and clean the water he had to repeat this a couple of times until the water was drinkable and that is how. I am going to summarise the basic survival skills that were used in man versed wild an there is more to survival than the physical survival skills there are mental and tactical survival skills which I will be talking about next. There is more to survival than physical survival there is mental survival which is what I will be talking about now.

Estimation Importance In Project Management Information Technology Essay

Estimation Importance In Project Management Information Technology Essay Objective of the report: The objective of this report is to investigate the use of Estimation of project parameters like project cost and time, in Project Management. The report starts with the definition of the estimation and its use for a successful project management. A brief description of project estimation process is explained in the report, along with the basic classification of the types of estimates that can be performed for a successful project management. The issues involved in estimating the project parameters in real-time are investigated in a detailed manner. Then critical evaluation of various estimation methods is performed. A complete analysis of the methods evaluated in the report is performed. Finally, the report is concluded with the suggestions on selecting a particular Project Estimation process for a successful Project Management. Importance of Estimation in project management: The four major parameters that control the software projects are time, requirements, resources (people, infrastructure/materials and money), and risks. This is one of the reasons why making good estimates of these variables like time and resources required for a project is very critical. But if the estimation is lower than the project needs it will affect the progress of the project due to the lack of enough time, money, infrastructure/materials, or people. At the same time even if the estimation is over estimated then the company will have to face losses due to the extra expenses or even if the project is sanctioned other projects dont go on since there is less to go around. For any successful project management, estimation is a vital part of project methodology. Estimation has numerous applications like justification of project which has to be applied in the initial stages of the project where in we need to anticipate the benefits which is compared with the costs incurred as well as to decipher comparisons and conclusions that has to be made with technical and functional teams involved in the project. The other additional applications of the estimation are to implement the disciplines required, to protect the resources required to deliver the project successfully, to ensure the support impact of the project is fully understood, to inform and improve the software development process. This document describes the techniques used to produce reliable estimates for the work required to complete projects and tasks. Estimation process: Definition: Project estimation is a process of forecasting or approximating the project parameters like cost, time, effort etc., for a successful completion of the project deliverables. Overview of the Estimation Process: The first point to be remembered about estimation is that it does not finish until the completion of project and is a process of a slow and gradual refinement. For many software projects a project manager can assist the team to create successful estimates by using sound techniques and understanding about what makes estimate more accurate. The team chosen to produce an estimate are typically drawn from IS, customers and/or service partners who have relevant experience of similar previous projects or tasks in the business area. When we want to start a project we need to know basic parameters required in advance like how long it will take, how many people it will require, how much effort it will require. In such cases it is hard to estimate because in many cases projects overrun or project go over budget. Always a good estimation practices keep the project on track and even can earn some time for the tricky, interesting areas. Our estimation process is based on three components: Expert judgement, Consultation with qualified experts from within business and service partners. This is supplemented, where required, by expert input  from software suppliers and consultants.   Experience,  i.e. comparison of the proposed project or task with previously completed work. Task Decomposition, i.e. decomposing the project into components, i.e. a Work Breakdown Structure, and estimating each component individually to produce an overall estimate. This will also reduce the chances of error occurrence. When to estimate: A rough estimate is needed at the initial stage of the project or probably even before the actual project starts. This is because, the final negotiations should be made with the customer, which needs the rough estimate of the cost, time and quality of the project. Also, Estimation is a process of gradual refinement. It should be performed in parallel with the project development, in several phases. Each estimate will be refined to give a converged estimate towards the end of the project. Estimation should be carried out until the completion of project deliverables. There are basically two approaches for estimating project parameters. They are; Top-down estimation approach Bottom-up estimation approach Top-down estimation approach: Top-down estimation approach is usually used at the initial stages of the project. This estimation is usually carried out by the top managers who have little knowledge of the processes involved in the completion of the project. The input to this estimation is either information or the experience of the manager carrying out the estimation. These top-down estimation methods are often used to evaluate the project proposal. In most cases, the best results can be achieved in estimation only when one used both top-down and bottom-up estimation methods. However, it is practically not possible to carry out bottom-up methods until the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) are clearly defined. In such cases, top-down estimates are used until the WBS becomes available. There are many methods in top-down approach listed below: Consensus methods: This estimation method uses experience of a group of people to estimate the project parameters. This method involves project meetings, a place where these people can discuss, argue and finally come to a conclusion from their best guess estimate. The Delphi method comes under this category. Ratio methods: These estimation methods use ratios to estimate project times and costs. For example, in a construction work, the total cost of the project can be estimated by knowing the number of square feet. Likewise, a software project is estimated by its complexity and its features. Approximation methods: This estimation method is very useful when the project to be estimated is closely related to any of the previous projects in terms of its features and costs. By using the historical data of the estimates, good estimates can be approximated with very little effort. Function point methods: Many software projects are usually estimated using weighted macro variables called function points. Function points can be number of inputs, number of outputs, number of inquiries, number of data files, and number of interfaces. These function points are weighted again with a complexity level and summed up to get the total cost or duration estimates of the project. Bottom-up estimation approach: Top-down estimation approach can usually be put in practice once the project is defined or once there is some progress in the project. This means, this estimation is more into work package level, which are responsible for low-cost estimates and efficient methods. It is often recommended that this estimation is usually carried out by people most knowledgeable about the estimate needed. The cost, time, resource estimates from the work packages can be checked with the associated accounts to major deliverables. Also, these estimates in later stages can be consolidated into phased networks, resource schedules, and budgets that used for control. Additionally, customer will get an opportunity to compare the low-cost, efficient method with any imposed restrictions, using bottom-up approach. There are many methods in top-down approach listed below: Template methods: If the project to be estimated is similar to any of the past projects, then estimates of the past projects can be used as starting point estimates for the new project. This is similar to approximation estimation in top-down approach. Parametric procedures: These parametric procedures are same like ratio methods in top-down approach. However, here the parametric procedures are applied on specific tasks. Detailed estimates for WBS work packages: This is usually most reliable method of all estimation methods. The reason for this is that here the estimates are performed by people responsible for the work packages in Work Breakdown Structure. These people have prior knowledge or experience upon the tasks they perform specified in WBS, because of which the estimates are usually most reliable. In addition to the top-down and bottom-up approaches, there is another kind of estimating which is a hybrid of the above two approaches. This is called as Phase Estimating. When there is unusual amount of uncertainty is surrounded by the project, people go for phase estimating. In this approach, two-estimate system is used over the life-cycle of the project. The whole project is initially divided into phases. Then a detailed estimate is developed for the immediate phase, and a macro-estimate is mode for the remaining phases of the project. Difficulties in Estimation: There are two major cases where Estimation problems almost always boil down to estimates that are either too high or too low. Padded estimates, where the team members intentionally over estimates in order to give themselves extra time to work, are a chronic source of estimates that are too high. Other case arises when senior managers give unrealistic deadlines that are a chronic source of estimates that are too low. Both the cases can lead to morale problems. Estimation Tools: Software tools are very important for estimation. Estimation tools are the software packages implemented using any of the estimation methods as its algorithm, to make project managers life easy. These estimation tools help from skipping important tasks in a method. These tools are useful to organise, update and store the results of the estimates. Also, Estimation Tools are useful to: Estimate project size using Function Points or other metrics. Derive effort and schedule from the project estimates using various algorithms and techniques. Perform analysis with staffing, duration etc. and appreciate how realistic they are. Produce and update results like Gantt charts and other tables easily. Maintain and exploit a database of historic data. Import data from other projects run in organisations with which you have no connection. However, one should very carefully select the estimation tools for a particular project. Principle: Required functional capabilities of estimation tools should match the needs and desired capabilities specific to the project. In selecting an estimation tool, one should match the available tools with the overall requirements of the project. In general, estimation tools should: Be very adaptive to any projects development environment, so that one can customize the tool according to the project needs. Be comparatively easy to understand, learn and use. Be able to produce some early project estimates without waiting for the whole project to be completely defined designed. Be able to provide estimates for different phases and activities in the project, if it is classified so. Understand and support wide range of languages and applications, as it is really important for a tool to provide estimates specific to the applications. Be able to provide accurate schedule estimates, whose purpose is not only to predict task completion given task sequence and available resources, but also to establish starting and ending dates for the associated work packages and life-cycle phases. Be able to provide maintenance estimates separately, which includes correcting errors, modifying the software to accommodate changes in requirements, and extending and enhancing software performance. Critical evaluation of the estimation tools: There are many tools in the market for project estimation. However, I am investigating a few and very efficient tools in the current market. PROBE: The name PROBE is derived from Proxy Based Estimating, introduced by Watts Humphrey (of the Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon University). Principle: If a component being built is similar to one built previously, then the effort it takes would be about the same as it did in the past. It mainly helps individual software engineers monitor, test, and improve their own work. Each component in the database is assigned a type (calculation, data, logic, etc.) and a size (from very small to very large). Also, a database is used to store history of size and effort details of these individual components. Later on, when a new project must be estimated, it is broken down into tasks that correspond to these types and sizes. A formula based on linear regression is used to calculate the estimate for each task. Additional information on PROBE can be found in A Discipline for Software Engineering by Watts Humphrey (Addison Wesley, 1994). COCOMO: The COCOMO is the most used estimation tool in the market for cost and schedule estimating. The COCOMO is derived from Constructive Cost Model, developed by Barry Boehm in the early 1980s. Principle: The model developed empirically by running a study of many software development projects and statistically analyzing their results. There by developing a database of the analysed details. Boehm developed COCOMO empirically by running a study of 63 software development projects and statistically analyzing their results. COCOMO II was developed in the 1990s as an updated version for modern development life cycles, and it is based on a broader set of data. The COCOMO calculation incorporates 15 cost drivers, variables that must be provided as input for a model that is based on the results of those studied projects. These variables cover software, computer, personnel, and project attributes. The output of the model is a set of size and effort estimates that can be developed into a project schedule. Additional information on COCOMO can be found in Software Cost Estimation with Cocomo II by Barry Boehm et al. (Prentice Hall PTR, 2000). The Planning Game: The Planning Game is the software project planning method from Extreme Programming (XP), a lightweight development methodology developed by Kent Beck in the 1990s at Chrysler. It is a method used to manage the negotiation between the engineering team (Development) and the stakeholders (Business). It gains some emotional distance from the planning process by treating it as a game, where the playing pieces are user stories written on index cards and the goal is to assign value to stories and put them into production over time. Unlike PROBE, COCOMO and Delphi, the Planning Game does not require a documented description of the scope of the project to be estimated. Rather, it is a full planning process that combines estimation with identifying the scope of the project and the tasks required to complete the software. Like much of XP, the planning process is highly iterative. The scope is established by having Development and Business work together to interactively write the stories. Then, each story is given an estimate of 1, 2, or 3 weeks. Stories that are larger than that are split up into multiple iterations. Business is given an opportunity to steer the project between iterations. The estimates themselves are created by the programmers, based on the stories that are created. Finally, commitments are agreed upon. This is repeated until the next iteration of the project is planned. Additional information on the Planning Game can be found in Extreme Programming Explained by Kent Beck (Addison Wesley, 2000). Critical analysis: In order to have the best estimates of a project, make some rough top-down estimates initially, develop the WBS, using which make bottom-up estimates, and develop schedules and estimates and finally, reconcile the differences between top-down and bottom-up approaches. Also for ideal results, the project manager should allow some time to carry out top-down and bottom-up estimates, there by reliable estimates can be offered to the customer. This will in turn reduce the false expectations for stakeholders. Phase estimation approach is much useful in the projects, whose final nature (shape, size, features) is highly uncertain. COCOMO II can be used for the following major decision situations Making investment or other financial decisions involving a software development effort Setting project budgets and schedules as a basis for planning and control Deciding on or negotiating tradeoffs among software cost, schedule, functionality, performance or quality factors Making software cost and schedule risk management decisions Deciding which parts of a software system to develop, reuse, lease, or purchase Making legacy software inventory decisions: what parts to modify, phase out, outsource, etc Setting mixed investment strategies to improve organizations software capability, via reuse, tools, process maturity, outsourcing, etc Deciding how to implement a process improvement strategy, such as that provided in the SEI CMM Conclusion:

Sales Strategies, Corporate Objectives and Recruitment

Sales Strategies, Corporate Objectives and Recruitment These are the statement of intent that basically provides a firm direction for the activities an organization performs in the pursuit of its mission. Usually in organizations there is confusion and overlapping between the terms, objectives and the company goals. This confusion is easy to solve only if the company tends to think of the objectives as a statement of intents and the goals as the quantifiable targets. Sales Strategies Sales strategy can be defined as the planned approach to the account management policy formation, prospect identification and qualification, sales presentation, and order generation aimed at achieving a firms sales quotas or targets. Sales Strategy Objectives: Helps in improving client loyalty Increases the closeting ratio by knowing clients hot buttons Helps in shorting the sales cycle with outside recommendations. Proper sales strategy helps in offering best solutions to outsell the competitors Helps in targeting and penetrating the most promising and profitable sectors and markets Helps in refining and maximizing the competitive advantage and product differentiation to increase the market margin and share. Helps in establishing a specific plan to strengthen and enhance the lead generation Reference: www.businessdictionary.com P-9: Devise appropriate recruitment and selection procedures. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION A. Overview of Process Assess the need for the job and ensure adequate funding Review the job description to ensure that it meets the present and future requirements Design the selection process ( utilize search committee process if applicable) Draft the advertisement and select the advertising media Short list using the person specification only Interview and test short-listed candidates Validate references, qualifications and background checks Make appointment Supervisors and Department Directors hold the responsibility for ensuring this framework is followed. Human resources and Employee Development is available for advice and will assist in general administration of the recruitment process. B. Review the Job and the Need for It. Upon the resignation, transfer, retirement, or the authorization of a new position, the search and selection procedure begins. This is an opportunity to review position responsibilities and the way in which the position contributes and promotes unit, department, division and university objectives. Supervisors need to consider the following issues: Is the job still necessary? What value does it add to the team and to the delivery of service? How will the Post be funded? Does the job description need updating? If so, the grade for the job and the person specification may need to be re-evaluated. The Human Resources and Employee Development Team is available to provide advice on constructing both job descriptions and person specifications and advising on grading issues. What type of employment could be offered? Full-time, part-time? Is job-sharing an option? Permanent or fixed term contract? Uses of fixed term contracts are most appropriate for covering a particular task/project/item of work or an interim appointment. They should not normally be used to fill permanent posts. If the decision is to hire for the position, it is the responsibility of the Supervisor/Director to ensure that the Position Management Form is completed and sent to Human Resources and Employee Development as soon as possible. C. Search Committee Not all interviews for permanent positions must be conducted by a Committee. The Department Director is responsible for determining the positions that require a committee to interview and select. If the position is a possible promotion for one or more, then a committee should be used to ensure there is no appearance of bias or favoritism. All open positions titled, Assistant Director and above must use of a search committee. 3. REQUEST FOR PERSONNEL ACTION A. Vacant Position When an employee gives notice of intention to leave University employment, the immediate supervisor should notify the Human Resources Employee development so that necessary interviews for re-staffing might be arranged. The job classification, description and qualifications desired of replacement personnel should be provided by the department head at that time. Examples of such information might include: Education or technical training required. ADA requirements, lifting, vehicle operation, physical demands, etc. Hours of work; including Saturday or Sunday. Officials to whom applicants are to be referred. Recommendations of any known applicants. Additional information felt useful in preliminary screening. The beginning salary for classified personnel shall be determined by the job classification of the vacant position and the associated pay grade. Employing departments should consult the Human Resources Employee Development on classification issues and salary issues before posting the position. Most importantly the dept should consult with Human Resources Employee Development before making any salary commitments. 4. ADVERTISING A. Job Posting. When advised of a vacancy, the Human Resources Employee Development will review the existing job description, making the necessary corrections, post a vacancy announcement for a minimum of five days on the Human Resources bulletin board, and on the Human Resources web site. Postings will be forwarded to the Georgia Department of Labor for their reference and applicant referral. It is hoped that this procedure will create an awareness of positions available to insure upward mobility in careers within the University and to encourage applicant referral from numerous sources. Other advertising arrangements can be made. Consult with the Assistant Director for Employment Administration for advice on advertising and related costs. B. Employee Priority Posting All open positions must be posted for a minimum of five days, however the employing unit may initially designate that a position be posted with an employee priority designation or be posted on the general public website. Positions designated for employee priority posting will be posted for a minimum of five business days on the employee priority website and only applications from current qualified Valdosta State University employees will be referred to that position. Positions not designated for employee priority posting will immediately be posted on the general public posting website. If the employing unit identifies a successful candidate from this pool, no additional recruiting is required. If after five business days no Valdosta State University applicant has been selected, the position will be reopened and posted for recruiting on the general public website for a minimum of five additional business days. Valdosta State University employees may still apply during this open period. Those employees classified as casual laborer/temporary workers; do not qualify for employee priority positions. As in the past, they may apply for positions on the general public posting site. 5. SELECTION PROCESS A. Screening Applicants Read all applications submitted. The selection of the top candidates for interviewing must be based on the Job Description and specifications. New criteria cannot be introduced to assess the candidates at this stage as it would be unfair. It is the responsibility of the persons conducting the interviews to complete the short-listing and to ensure the process remains free of unlawful discrimination. If a committee is used, the entire committee should agree on the short list. If a committee is not used, it is desirable that a second person also participate in the short-listing process. The criteria used to select the top candidates and all appropriate notes must be returned to Human Resources and Employee Development for filing and are retained for a period of 6 months. It is good practice that all employees that apply for a position within their department be interviewed. Former employees who have been dismissed for misconduct cannot be considered for appointment. Former employees who have since retired must meet certain qualifications due to their retirement status. If there is a question about whether an applicant can or cannot be considered contact Human Resources and Employee Development. B. Arranging the Interview The persons responsible for the interviews is responsible for scheduling dates and times for interviews directly with the short listed candidates and notifying the candidates of any selection tests that will be used. Federal law prohibits certain questions in an employment interview and the application for employment has been developed to comply with Federal guidelines. Examples of such illegal questions might refer to the applicants age, disability, religion, ages of children, etc. Interviewing guidelines are provided to the employing department upon referral of applications. To assure consistent treatment of each applicant, a patterned interview might be developed by the department. Such might include specific questions of job related functions, skills required, and how the applicants educational background, previous experience, etc. might be useful in the position if selected for employment. C. The Interview The purpose of interviewing is to appoint the best person for the job based solely on merit and suitability. The Valdosta State University recruitment and selection process achieves this using methods that are systematic, thorough, fair, unbiased and based on rational, objective, job related criteria. At the interview, each candidate should be treated consistently. To achieve this the panel should: Ask the same initial questions of each candidate Supplement their understanding of the candidates responses by following up questions as appropriate Be consistent in allowing access to presentation material, notes and so on Not allow any discriminatory questions, harassment, or any other conduct which breaches the equal opportunities policy or code of conduct Ensure that in the case of disabled candidates, the necessity for any reasonable adjustments that would be required on the job are explored in a positive manner. Assessment of disabled candidates should be based on their expected performance in the job, given that any reasonable adjustment required was provided. Keep in mind that information obtained throughout the selection process is treated as confidential and is known only to parties involved in the selection process Keep records of interviews and the reasons for decisions each question should receive a grade, and a grade for overall impression. The candidates will be ranked from highest to lowest based on the scores given and the position negotiated or offered to the highest ranking candidate. The scoring sheets and all documentation of the interviews must be given to Human Resources and Employee Development for filing Panel members must be aware that it is their responsibility to ensure recruitment/interview documentation is stored securely and confidentially whilst in their possession. D. Selection Tests Where selection tests are a valid method of assessing a candidate (i.e. effectively measures the job criteria, is relevant, reliable, fair and unbiased also considering the predictive capacities of tests), they are an extremely useful tool and are recommended for use. Supervisors should seek advice from Human Resources and Employee Development on the use of such tests. E. Hiring Decision In selecting the successful candidate, the panel must make a decision based on the merit and eligibility of the candidates as judged by: Content of application and qualifications Performance at Interview Outcome of any selection tests F. Reference Checks As part of assessing the merit of each candidate, persons selecting candidates must satisfy themselves that the information the candidate gives is authentic, consistent and honest. This includes being satisfied about information regarding the candidates: application work history qualifications (where a qualification is a requirement, supporting evidence or certification must be obtained from the candidate and recorded) evidence presented at interview Reference checks; references must be called and information recorded for the file a) Identify yourself immediately, explain your position within the organization and tell the person why you are calling about the applicant. b) Ensure confidentiality c) Ask if he or she is free to discuss the situation d) Try to establish rapport e) Tell the person the position the candidate is being considered for f) Let the person talk feely g) Ask the references the same questions for each of your candidates h) Always end the call with: would you rehire this person? Should any of these not meet the required standards, Human Resources and Employee Development must discuss the issue with the Supervisor/Director. Use the Employment Reference Check and Education Verification form located in Appendix 10 and Appendix 11. G. Criminal Background Checks. In an effort to provide a safe and secure workplace, to comply with Board of Regents Policy and to minimize the potential litigation associated with negligent hiring processes, Valdosta State University will require background checks on the top two candidates for the position. Employment shall be conditioned upon the execution of a consent form for criminal record disclosure and upon consideration of ones criminal history. The Valdosta State University Police Department, upon receipt of the Consent to Criminal History Release Form, shall conduct the background check and report results to the Department of Human Resources. The department will notify the applicants whose criminal history report prevents their employment. The applicant can be referred to Human Resources and Employee Development if they have questions on the process The applicant is allowed seven calendar days to initiate corrective action of any inaccurate report. Proof of an error in reporting shall not disqualify the applicant and the position will not be filled until this time period has expired. If no action is initiated, and if the report is factual, the hiring department may resume the employment process. Disqualification of Applicants. An applicant will be disqualified for employment for any of the following reasons: He or she is addicted to the use of alcohol or use of illegal drugs. Discovery of any false statement or omission of material facts from the formal application. He or she has been a member of an organization advocating the violent overthrow of the government of the United States. He or she has been convicted of a crime involving moral turpitude, unless pardon has been granted. He or she has been convicted of a felony, unless first offender treatment was granted by the court. J. Employment Offer Having completed the interviewing process, an offer of employment may be extended by the employing department. However, the dept head must advise the candidate that the offer is conditional pending the results of a criminal background check. When a department head believes he/she has a candidate who because of exceptional training or experience is deserving of more than the posted minimum for the classification, they may offer the candidate up to 10% over the minimum. However the department head must either have the money already in his/her budget or through the dean or vice president can have it transferred to their budget. This change in policy is not intended to permit the department head or authority to offer more than 10% over the minimum and in no case is the offer to be made without sufficient departmental funds to meet requirements of the hire. K. Post Interview Human Resources and Employee Development is responsible for providing all candidates with written notification of the outcome of their application (letter of rejection). However some departments prefer to write their own letter. These letters must be attached to the compliance reports. If feedback is requested from an unsuccessful short-listed candidate, the manager should provide a valid reason to the candidate for rejection together with constructive feedback. Written feedback will not normally be provided. P-10: Evaluate the role of motivation, remuneration and training in enhancing sales performance. Role of Motivation in sales performance Whether you are a sales person or someone in a position who manages sales people, you need to know the importance of motivation. Although many it would be great to just hire self motivated people who dont need any help from you to take action and make sales, you need to realize that sales is a tough job and that there are people who can really become great at it with some encouragement. Being in sales can either pay you very well or can make you go broke. The better you are at sales, the more money you will make. So where does motivation come into play? Well, the main reason that most people dont like sales is because of having to deal with rejection. No one likes to be rejected but if youre in a sale, thats all part of the game. The more rejections you get, the closer to a sale you will be. Now just because you expect your sales people or yourself to go out there and make those sales calls like a machine, it doesnt mean motivation should be neglected. If you are a sales person, take the time to read and listen to motivation material. By doing this, you will constantly be feeding your mind with positive and encouraging thoughts that will help you get through those days where everyone prospect seems to be in a bad mood. For sales managers, providing your team with motivation is critical. Just look in the world of sports. Those athletes are the best in the world at what they do yet when they are losing and feeling discouraged, a simple pep talk from their coach can fire them up to the point to turn the game around. This same thing can be used on your sales people to help them see more of themselves instead of beating themselves up mentality for not making as many sales. Motivation is important because it causes people to take action. Without action, nothing happens. The key to achieve any goal is to take action. The more action you take, the closer to your goals you will be. In order to continually take action, you will need to come up with ways to motivate yourself to do what you need to do everyday in order to reach those goals. So whether you need to motivate yourself or your team, motivation plays an extremely important role in building success. Role of Remuneration in Sales Performance Remuneration is wages or salary, typically money that is paid for services rendered as an employee. How do you decide what remuneration packages to adopt? How do you ensure that your Remuneration packages incentives and motivate the right people? How do you make sure that the amount of pay helps your staff with their lifestyle requirements? These questions are vital ones to anybody trying to run a sales team or customer service team, when you have a look at how you can actually reward personal effort as well as maintain service. In looking at any remuneration package, its worthwhile to consider a set of scales. In any job description, there is an opportunity to analyze the work required into service aspects whereby these things have to be done to maintain the client, or maintain the client relationship, such as receiving orders, implementing orders, handling queries, general items of customer service, and also perhaps even merchandising or helping with displays, as well as ensuring that stock levels are adequate, these can be called service areas or service responsibilities. On the other hand, a sales person or customer service representative could influence the value of the sale through their personal sales skills, personality, and training, to either make the sale happen, add value to the sale, or sell some specific items that are on special or on bonus, at the point of communication, either by phone, by web, or face-to-face. This particular activity is known as personal contribution. A relatively easy formula to follow is by adopting the scales of remuneration, you can then analyze the input from the people involved. If there is high service requirements and service levels in the performance of the job, and little opportunity to add personal influence, then a wages or base salary system will be the most cost efficient to make the results work. If there is a high personal input, whereby the sales person can strongly influence the amount of the sale or the profitability of the sale, then you can reward that personal effort by special commissions, share of profits, special incentives, and special rewards, for the sales as they occur after th e event, and lessen the base salary or wages that need to be paid by increasing the risk factor, which of course the personal touch will overcome. Role of Training in Sales Performance The term training refers to the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and competencies as a result of the teaching of vocational or practical skills and knowledge that relate to specific useful competencies. It forms the core of apprenticeships and provides the backbone of content at institutes of technology (also known as technical colleges or polytechnics). In addition to the basic training required for a trade, occupation or profession, observers of the labor-market recognize today [update] the need to continue training beyond initial qualifications: to maintain, upgrade and update skills throughout working life. People within many professions and occupations may refer to this sort of training as professional development. P-11: Describe two techniques used to co-ordinate and control sales output. Sales out put control Outputs can be triggered manually or automatically in  the sales document. Automatic determination requires maintenance of output  condition record. Print programs and layout sets control content which should be displayed in the output. controls output determination using condition Technique. Output determination procedure is determined on the basis of sales document type (sales order type,delivery type, billing type). Standard output determination procedure for sales order (OR), Delivery (LF) and Billing (F2) is V100000. Output procedure contains output types,which can be processed when that sales document is created. One document can have Output types like Delivery note and Packing list in delivery. Output controls Medium (Like Print, Fax, EDI) Time of sending the output -e.g.immediately or in a batch Which partner function of Business partner it can be sent Language Criteria for which output condition record can be maintained for automatic output determination It offers flexibility of changing the key controls in the Sales documents. Example If order confirmation for a customer is scheduled to be printed in a batch but the customer wants it immediately then time of dispatch control can be changed in the sales order. P-12: Use given information to recommend appropriate organization structures and procedures. Team One of the newest organizational structures developed in the 20th century is team. In small businesses, the team structure can define the entire organization.Teams can be both horizontal and vertical. While an organization is constituted as a set of people who synergize individual competencies to achieve newer dimensions, the quality of organizational structure revolves around the competencies of teams in totality. For example, every one of the Whole Foods Market stores, the largest natural-foods grocer in the US developing a focused strategy, is an autonomous profit centre composed of an average of 10 self-managed teams, while team leaders in each store and each region are also a team. Larger bureaucratic organizations can benefit from the flexibility of teams as well. Functional structure Employees within the functional divisions of an organization tend to perform a specialized set of tasks, for instance the engineering department would be staffed only with software engineers. This leads to operational efficiencies within that group. However it could also lead to a lack of communication between the functional groups within an organization, making the organization slow and inflexible. As a whole, a functional organization is best suited as a producer of standardized goods and services at large volume and low cost. Coordination and specialization of tasks are centralized in a functional structure, which makes producing a limited amount of products or services efficient and predictable. Moreover, efficiencies can further be realized as functional organizations integrate their activities vertically so that products are sold and distributed quickly and at low cost .For instance, a small business could start making the components it requires for production of its products instead of procuring it from an external organization. But not only beneficial for organization but also for employees faiths. Burns, T. and G. Stalker. (1961) The Management of Innovation. London: Tavistock. P-13: Identify and give three examples of the differences in the nature of sales tasks and skills in a variety of context. Sales Skills Qualifying Fast to Avoid Wasting Sales Time Do you chase after your prospects until they tell you yes or no? Do you ever tell your prospects No, as in No, I am not going to sell to you? There are many things in selling that you do not and will not be able to control. The one thing that you do have control over is your time and how you choose to use it. To qualify fast you must have a set of criteria describing who you will and will not sell to. You want to sell to the prospects likely to buy your products, and drop the prospects unlikely to buy (so that you can find more good prospects). Sounds simple, but too many salespeople let sludge buildup in their pipeline, constricting the total revenue that flows out. Motivating Prospects Qualifying goes beyond budget, authority, and need. You want to sell to prospects who *want* to buy from you. Finding prospects that need our products usually is not difficult. Finding those who really want our products though can be very hard if we wait for them to come to us. Products sold by professional salespeople are more complex and offer more value than commodity products offered through stores, catalogs and brokers. Prospects generally do not know they need such products, until they first discover that they have a problem. This process can take seconds or years depending on the nature of the problem (and the prospect!). Prospects get motivated to work with you when you help them to discover that you solve their problem better than anyone doeselse. Selling to People Outside Your Comfort Zone Most salespeople, who are people persons, already think that they are good at this. Let me ask you a question. When you last lost a sale, how was your rapport with the key person who decided against you? You cant afford to look away and ignore people that you dont have natural rapport with. The good news is that people like people like themselves. All you have to do to gain rapport is stretch your behavior outside or your comfort zone until you become like another person. Reaching Decision-Makers Through Voicemail Theres two ways to make more sales. One is to close more of the prospects you do contact. The other is to get more prospects into the pipeline. When prospecting, you can look at voicemail as either your friend or your enemy. With 70% of your prospecting calls going to voicemail, it is time to make friends with it. Although you will never get even close to getting every voicemail returned, you can get a significant number of your messages returned when treat them as a one-on-one commercials. Delivering I Gotta Have That Presentations Lets face it; a lot of business presentations are really boring. Salespeople talk about why their product is great, why their company is great, and the history of their company. Prospects dont relate to this. Thats why they look so bored. Great presentations get the prospects imagination involved. The best way to involve the imagination is through storytelling. Stories rich in descriptive detail get the prospect picturing them using your product and evoke that I Gotta Have That reaction. Gaining Commitments Instead of Closing Eliminate Closing Cheese from Your Vocabulary. You know what I am talking about: Would you like that in gray or in black? or If I can show you how this will help you will you buy today?. Lines like these are why salespeople are down on the bottom of societys respect list somewhere near lawyers. Learn the power of asking for incremental commitments from the beginning of your sales cycle. It is not an easy shift to make. First you got to get the prospect to show you what they most want (Hint: See Skill #2 above). Then you can negotiate incremental commitments in return for more of your time, information or resources. Have More Fun Sales is fun when you are in control and closing deals. Selling is miserable when you are under pressure to close business. Take the pressure off yourself to close and instead focus on qualifying and motivating your prospects. Sales Task Specified amount of sales that a management sets for achieving or exceeding within a specified timeframe, and allocates required resources. Sales targets are apportioned among different sales-units such as salespersons, franchisees, distributors, agents, etc. Three Types of Sales Task Personal Sales Task Team Sales Task Organizational Sales Task P-14: Explain the role of sales staff operating in an international environment. Greater complexities involved with distribution, transportation, payment and insurance. Goods in the international market are subject to the customs control and the payment of import duties where they are applicable. Exchange rates and in some cases the regulations of exchange control are applicable. International market exposes the company to a wider and intensive competition which might not be the case with the domestic market. Customer profile in the international market is different from local market in areas of religion, language, ideology, fashion and living standard. Different cultural, legal, economical, political and social systems may be encountered in the international market. Complexity of international marketing and the addition of new environment make the business management far more difficult. More use of e-mail and

In The Essay -- English Literature

In The â€Å"In The Knight, the knight is an epitome of human society, yet his appearance doe not portray his true self. Do you agree?† In Adrienne Rich’s poem The Knight, the reader is given a brief yet profound insight into the deceiving nature of humans; how we give a calm, collected front full of light and purity, yet beneath the surface we are in truth dark and inevitably mortal. The Knight portrays what every man, woman and child must inevitably decide on: to expose their true face or to hide behind a false mask to please others. The initial line â€Å"A knight rides into the noon† evokes a sense that the knight, a chivalrous and pure being, is riding gallantly into the noon, where the sun’s brightness is at its apex. When the knight’s â€Å"helmet points to the sun†, it further reinforces the first line by exemplifying the light that exists on the knight’s outer coat of armour. His bright shining armour has the brightness of â€Å"a thousand splintered suns†, dazzling any who would cross him in glorious battle. â€Å"The soles of his feet glitter†, evoking a feeling that every little detail of his armour blazes, even the soles of his feet, which would not normally see much light at all because they face down towards the earth. The knight’s outward appearance illustrates the mask that all of us put on in front of other people, whether to please or manipulate others. However, towards the end of the first paragraph, we start to see that things are not all they seem, that not all that glitters is gold. Because â€Å"under his crackling banner he rides like a ship in sail† gives the sense that although his task is underway, his â€Å"crackling banner† symbolises that the knight’s image is starting to give way to what he is truly b... ...the same peers. Rich evokes the feeling that not everyone is willing to give up their false image and that they hide behind their mask to be praised by society. Only a select few go against the false mask and live a true life free from lies and being a crowd-pleaser, but at the same time being shunned by their peers. In the end, the knight may go either way, living a false life and a dying a false death; or he could live a false life but atone himself by revealing his true self in death. Without his armour to conceal him, his true form would be exposed to the world and he could stop living a lie. Inevitably however it is out of his hands, he cannot choose whether or not to shatter his own armour in an intense battlefield. However, the knight’s true form might be known, and he might find that one measure of peace that all people seek, in death, at last. In The Essay -- English Literature In The â€Å"In The Knight, the knight is an epitome of human society, yet his appearance doe not portray his true self. Do you agree?† In Adrienne Rich’s poem The Knight, the reader is given a brief yet profound insight into the deceiving nature of humans; how we give a calm, collected front full of light and purity, yet beneath the surface we are in truth dark and inevitably mortal. The Knight portrays what every man, woman and child must inevitably decide on: to expose their true face or to hide behind a false mask to please others. The initial line â€Å"A knight rides into the noon† evokes a sense that the knight, a chivalrous and pure being, is riding gallantly into the noon, where the sun’s brightness is at its apex. When the knight’s â€Å"helmet points to the sun†, it further reinforces the first line by exemplifying the light that exists on the knight’s outer coat of armour. His bright shining armour has the brightness of â€Å"a thousand splintered suns†, dazzling any who would cross him in glorious battle. â€Å"The soles of his feet glitter†, evoking a feeling that every little detail of his armour blazes, even the soles of his feet, which would not normally see much light at all because they face down towards the earth. The knight’s outward appearance illustrates the mask that all of us put on in front of other people, whether to please or manipulate others. However, towards the end of the first paragraph, we start to see that things are not all they seem, that not all that glitters is gold. Because â€Å"under his crackling banner he rides like a ship in sail† gives the sense that although his task is underway, his â€Å"crackling banner† symbolises that the knight’s image is starting to give way to what he is truly b... ...the same peers. Rich evokes the feeling that not everyone is willing to give up their false image and that they hide behind their mask to be praised by society. Only a select few go against the false mask and live a true life free from lies and being a crowd-pleaser, but at the same time being shunned by their peers. In the end, the knight may go either way, living a false life and a dying a false death; or he could live a false life but atone himself by revealing his true self in death. Without his armour to conceal him, his true form would be exposed to the world and he could stop living a lie. Inevitably however it is out of his hands, he cannot choose whether or not to shatter his own armour in an intense battlefield. However, the knight’s true form might be known, and he might find that one measure of peace that all people seek, in death, at last.

Joseph Stalin :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Son of a poverty-stricken shoemaker, raised in a backward province, Joseph Stalin had only a minimum of education. However, he had a burning faith in the destiny of social revolution and an iron determination to play a prominent role in it. His rise to power was bloody and bold, yet under his leadership, in an unexplainable twenty-nine years, Russia because a highly industrialized nation. Stalin was a despotic ruler who more than any other individual molded the features that characterized the Soviet regime and shaped the direction of Europe after World War II ended in 1945. From a young revolutionist to an absolute master of Soviet Russia, Joseph Stalin cast his shadow over the entire globe through his provocative affair in Domestic and Foreign policy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stalin was â€Å"born in Gori, Georgia† as the third and only surviving child of a â€Å"cobbler and ex-serf†(Compton’s 403). His true name was Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili. â€Å"In 1912 he took the alias of ‘Stalin’, from the Russian word stal, meaning ‘steel†, hence his nickname â€Å"Man of Steel†(Compton’s 402). Stalin began his studies at the seminary as a devout believer in Orthodox Christianity, where he was soon exposed to the radical ideas of fellow students. In 1899, just about the time of graduation, he gave up his religious education and to devote his time to the revolutionary movement against the Russian monarchy. In 1902 Stalin was hunted down and arrested by the imperial police for organizing a large worker’s demonstration. A year later he was sentenced to â€Å"exile in the Russian region of Siberia, but soon managed to escape and was back in Georgia by early 1904†(Arc her 58). When the Russian Social Democratic Party split into Menshevik and Bolshevik factions, Stalin sided with the Bolsheviks, who just happened to be led by Vladimir Lenin. Stalin immediately became a staunch follower of Lenin, studying his every move. He did marry in 1905 but his beloved bride died of tuberculosis two years later. Their son, Yasha, died later in a Nazi Prison camp during World War II. After the Bolshevik’s Civil War victory, Stalin became highly organized and was elected secretary of the Communist Party. â€Å"After Lenin’s death, Stalin gradually isolated and shunned his political rivals, especially Leon Trotsky, and by the end of 1929 Joseph Stalin had succeeded in eliminating his opponents and became the supreme leader of the USSR† (Compton’s 404).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the late 1920’s, living in Lenin’s shadow, Stalin decided that the New Economic Policy would introduce the Five-Year Plan.