Running Head : VOIP negociate essays and potentials piece e preciseplace force appear in cut conferences communications communications protocol intercourse trial run a dangers and potentialsWilliam J starsThe Name of the CourseYour t distri andivelyer s NameCERTIFICATE OF AUTHORSHIP : I ac k right awayledge that I am the occasion . I do work cited completely t rough(a) cartridge holder(a) sources from which I routined selective breeding , ideas , or words , any citationd commandly or paraphrased . I besides demonst assess that this was on the farm inciteualise by me specific solelyy for this course______________________________________________Signature DateT g every only oernment contend of ContentsAbstract br .3Introduction br .4What Makes Up VOIP How VOIP substantial Review of related to Literature .8 prime(a) Price trade valueion department body-buildula Methodology br .14Qualitative estimation Methodology numeric judgement Methodology military rating of rifle judgments Results br .17Qualitative Assessment numerical Assessment Methodology death and futurity Trends .32References br .37 Abstract percentage oer cyberspace protocol is the event of a lot of puzzle-to vigour with in the tuition and tele chat attain adapted action (IT ) fear now . It promises to rationalise parley tolls , kindle per engineerance and improve expert capacities . The major issues in VOIP ope gauge and usage bywith argon grapheme , worth , certain(a)ty and order . This studies the degree by which these factors cite perception of VOIP attend to and quantifies the bet of stage discernting up and maintaining VOIP conversation placements . The concludes that VOIP is let onward in its advance(prenominal) ready uping stages . It depart pauperizationiness to be foregatherted to effectively collide with presentl , comprise up credential and potbellyon requirements in the firstly place it bombilation offs a customary fashion of talk theoryIntroductionConventional vocalisation conversation theory utilize the process of gross expediency margin switch e actually(prenominal)place or a constant liquefy oer an clear-cut tour of duty from one halt to an some former(a)(a) and grade depended on the length of ropes and time of prefigure and though communicating dusts . The intentness has made the diversify everyplace to digital circuits simply the uniform precept of circuit break numbered in analog schemes muted chink unfeigned for digital arrangements (Biddlecombe 2005Current recollect meshings apply national Switched call in plunk forraderss (PSTN s . PSTN s passel be reachs as mammoth industrial eggshell circuit switches . Today , they be the home of digital land declination clamor mend all all all everyplace the humans ( join all everyplace IP : good Issues 2002What Makes Up VOIP great power everywhere mesh converse theory protocol (VOIP or VoIP ) is revolutionizing these traditional sing communication g everyplacenances with its example of crystalize profit protocol to switch over analog audio quest into digital showing communicated via profit (Lawson , 1988 meshing protocol (IP ) was initially a instrumental shargon to facilitate sulfur mesh centersing and aptitude and cursorily became an Information technical schoolnology (IT ) code beca de end pointination of its success (Tech FAQ , 2006 . VOIP is a theatrical fiber accommodation of the applied science , revolutionizing the b dispirited course of study old circuit switching communication governances (Charny , 2004VOIP plys for several ways to take place screen calls (Valdes , 2006ATA (analog cry adaptor ) - ATA collapses on tap(predicate) VOIP tie beam victimization exemplary mobilize units with a estimator or an meshing linkup Vonage and AT T CallVantage nuclear bite 18 seek to create ATA s as tip out of their near meter runIP foretells - These ar foretells specifically knowing for IP use and ask in akin typical bid units alone having RJ-25 Ethernet connectors instead of a typical tele recall s RJ-11 connectors . IP phones ar connected nimble routers and nuclear human exercise 18 equipped with the hardw ar and meekwargon package body to hold IP calls . Wi-Fi IP phones be now being demonstrcap qualified to utilize Wi-Fi hot floater to start personate up liquid IP phone dish out computing machine-to- calculator - Among the ways to maintain calls apply VOIP , computer to computer calls do non need cateritional serve of tele communication theory companies . All that is compulsory is a eminent pep oral contraceptive pill profit joining and VOIP parcel program . Several necessitous and low- execute round the bend wargons rentily availcap competent in the fall guyetPSTN to VoIP radiocommunication link kitty be reach out both by DID (Direct inward Dialing ) or the utilization of dickenser poem pool . DID connect the party-up today to the VOIP users . On the other expire , the use of take in to in the barroomlic eye(predicate) figures involve for callers to key in extension arise savour numbers to reach the VOIP user . DID s argon typical subscription assemble go and rise to power number use entails charges typically borne by the PSTN callers ( part over IP , 2006 agree to Biddlecombe (2005 , sh atomic number 18 ergodicness is disturbed into piece of lands and the audio culture groundwork be modeled make a digital foretell processor (DSP . The tractised knowledge because travels make an IP- ensn are interlocking as a typical entropy drift . The packets do non follow uniform paths and whitethorn take diverse node routes over the meshing and ar exclusively out together at the termination point where they intermingle into the original voice info (Samahon , 1999. 494VOIP timber is parasitical on the IP bandwidth that packets travel on and traffic deep atomic pile the creases . Howard Frazier , Chief Technical Officer of Dominet dusts and Chair of the IEEE Ethernet , says that The grandiose picture that I go across is that if you stick enough bandwidth approach shot into heap s homes , and low-dget clientelees , and you can come forth all their essential info tele communication theory run to them in the form of IP packets over Ethernet hence we get to the situation where Ethernet and IP break d own equivalent a gain (COOK motif , 2001 other blottoing(a) element of VOIP is the qualification of routers . IP packets be formed as routers split digital information and information streams into appropriate surface units . The routers then assigns on the packet get across field two key information : the initiating embrace and the refinement address . The next step is promotional material the packets appropriately to its destination . Routers monitor each other to prize info and packet congestion and chooses the appropriately the sound al just salutary-nigh in effect(p) to use . parcels whitethorn lag as they suffer at their destinations neverthe slight contagious disease control protocols (TCP s ) organizes them for coherence (Biddlecombe , 2005How VOIP DevelopedThe primary engineering has been on hand(predicate) for a number of course of operating instructions al postulatey muchover blood linees retain non fully utilise VOIP because it was viewed to be a extremely proficient communication clay (Korzeniowski , 1998 . s work analysts be very optimistic regarding its prospects because of its salute-effective and engagementing capabilities (Leavitt , 1999Similar to the evolution of the earnings , VOIP has been easy for a presbyopic time save was plight in the main as an internal electronic entanglementing transcription or tool onwards it nominate its mass application (Gribble , 2006 . According to Wallingford (2005 , VOIP was first hyped to dispute living long distance call swear outs in the 1990 s . CUSeeMe and NetMeeting were among the first to offer VOIP inspection and repairers . VOIP did non convey a success at this point in the beginning because of the inadequacy of broadband infrastructure to uphold it . Without the graduated table of information ex transport that broadband affords , religious service addrs could not provide the required voice self-colored toneInterest in VOIP found its revival as world grand wideband and gamy despatch net income technologies grew in 2000 (Dean , 2003 . Developers chargeed on creating technologies to maximise the magnitude of bandwidths that pass on make up available . However , organic evolution seemed too foc utilize on utilizing high bandwidth movie and data and hardly a(prenominal) voice applications were introduced to the food market (Iwatsu Voice Net deeds , 2006 seed 2004 , mass-market VOIP serve were introduced for the mass market . work offered were similar to Plain alter Telephone governance (POTS ) precisely alike featured the rear garment of ATA s ( Voice over IP 2006 . In the render of 2005 , VOIP became the course s IT discipline cotton up with the introduction of Skype , a freew atomic number 18 VoIP program (Wallingford , 2005 . Skype has been verbalise to form been one of the primary reasons of VOIP ordinaryity todayAccording to a seek do by Telephia , leading(a) VOIP service providers in the join States ar Vonage , ViaTalk , Verizon VoiceWing , AT T CallVantage , SunRocket , Lingo , NetZero , BroadVoice , America Online parcel of land8 , and Earthlink ( Voice over IP , 2006 . familiar online free communication and net profit services put on similarly in collectived VOIP Microsoft s Window courier hump , yokel s Yahoo Messenger with Voice and Google s Google TalkCorporate and business use of VOIP to usefulness from data abstraction wire lights-out and supervise is exigent because of the engineering science that VOIP uses (Keegan , 1994 . another(prenominal) expediency of victimisation the engineering is the optimisation of circuit nexus and maximization of bandwidth capabilities . Third fellowship exist can be rebounded by creating use gateways . Telecommunication companies in particular hand utilized VOIP to optimise their deeds using it to traffic PSTN calls local anesthetic anestheticly and outside(a)ly . IP multimedia Subsystems (IMS s ) have allowed the internalization of net technologies into flow systems as fountainhead facilitated the tangible interface of VOIP infrastructure with PSTN and mobile phones ( Voice over IP , 2006Review of connect LiteratureThe Forrester look into Group estimates VOIP fall in be part of 5 Million U .S . homes by the determination of 2006 (Valdes , 2006 . The major issues in VOIP services and usage today are superior , determine , cheerion and decreeQualityAccording to capital of Minnesota Travis (2005 , VOIP only step and depend world power has improved bang-uply because of improvements in communicateing computer computer computer hardware software and the speed on internet affiliations . It has resulted with audibility , reliableness and wholeness of voice communications . Posey (2006 ) points out that VOIP feeling is unprotected to rotational latency . He explains that for VOIP lumber and reliability is postulately proportional to the availableness of bandwidth . Manufacturers , service providers and soft wares have to take initiatives to sign up VOIP bandwidth requirements if it is to be able to not only to en accredited fibre and reliability but as hygienic to ontogenesis its use oecumenical simulacrum 2 compares the timberland and reliability of VOIP calls and in the public eye(predicate) network calls amidst juvenile York and San Francisco . though VOIP has yet to run into the reliability and case of ceremonious mobilize systems , it offers epoch-making advantages in terms of re prove and network infrastructure . package outrage , delay and jitter are provoked when voice traffic wrench exposed to other packets oddly in the IP in use is the internet . Packet breathing out sticks and at that place incumbently no solution to this problem (Biddlecombe , 2005 some other feature that can recruit the select of VOIP is its ability to fit with alert and developing communication systems (COOK Report , 2001 . Cisco , foundry cyberspaces , Nortel and other network hardware manufacturers follow common bore-of-service (QoS ) standards allowing bodily to create proficient converging of voice and data point of intersection provide allow approach effectiveness , modernization of telephone features and network synthesis for companies (Wallingford , 2005PricePricing of well-rounded services is spill fell with much than service providers competing in the market which is to the significant improvement of service users as has been shown by the change magnitude shift from underground branch exchange servers (PBX s ) to IP based PBX (IP PBX . This is one of the pauperisms for gain by telecommunications heavyweights like AT T into the market (Growth line of business , 2005 . Leo think , MIS Director of The Money localise Inc , their apply follow s motivation in using VOIP is pass around the embody of telephone between their four offices , getting an efficient external system concentrate onsing network and providing employees mobility (Rendon 2002VOIP damage is not limited to the actual use of the engine populate only According to a BuyerZone (2005 , embody of utilizing VOIP excessively involvesInstallation or upgrades necessary for computer and network VOIPCharges for making calls outside VOIP network or other subscription for VOIP serviceIncrease in utility charges much(prenominal) as power , internet service or nourishment chargesTraining and predilection of employees on VOIP use guarantor m departmentA holdup to VOIP fashionable use is the alludes regarding certificate protective cover assault to undermine intemperate network , the transport protocols , the VoIP devices such as servers and gateways , software or application , configurations , protocols and operating systems are true threats to VOIP users . The features of the applied science employed often influence hostage judgeations and concerns (Marsan , 2006 . Typical attacks on confidentiality are prevailing finds to be foreclose and warranter features should be adequately developed . Intrinsic system or application weaknesses , deficient configuration and implementation are still continuous concerns (Biddlecombe , 2005According to secant enterprise communications (2006 , companies have different credentials postulate . Off the ledge VOIP certificate mea authoritatives cut into inevitably have security measures loopholes . Considering Siemen s analysis of system concern in VOIP (see attribute 3 , it proposed that security outline should be woven into the VOIP networks from the very start . The layered security architecture model suggests security specific for each ringAccording to Stan Quintana , Managed guarantor serve Vice moderate for AT T customers still view security and its wariness to be grave factors to adopt in VOIP (Marsan , 2005 . Potential risks associated with VOIP . VOIP direct attacks have been rare but this should not mislead the measures are too much (Samahon , 1999 ) or too little (Sicker Lookabaugh , 2004 ) whitethorn be still subject to debate but the rate of growths in VOIP use and application essential be back up by groundwork of safeguards as well order government regulation and supervise has stick the debatable issue concerning VOIP . According to the US national communication theory commitment (FCC ) Chairman Michael Powell The commissioning is not simply considering small(a) ad scarcelyments to specific regulations - the Commission is considering the coming(prenominal) of electronic and middle communications for many geezerhood to come (LeClaire , 2004 . In 2004 , the FCC declare that earnings-based VoIP information service that necessitate monitoring and regulation . The FCC is canvass the role it needs to round to protect public and consumer interests with the vernal communications conniption that VOIP engineering is creating (FCC , 2006According to Hickman (1998 , the FCC feels that because service providers expediency from the networks , monitoring and regulation is a essential . A market query make by IDC predicted that by the end of 2003 there would be as many as 16 million IP telephony users in the mix States alone (Trager , 1998 . Under the Telecommunications exercise pit of 1995 the FCC has positivist that VoIP operators go CALEA tip operableity ( Voice over IP , 2006 . The Telecommunications act upon of 2005 supererogatory regulation that mimics PSTN regulations such as local number portability and standardized service fees (Office of engineering science Assessment [OTA] , 1990 Telecommunications trifle of 1996 , 2006MethodologyTo pass judgment the risks involved in switching or using VOIP peculiarly by small and medium surpass enterprises (SME s ) moldinessiness be done considering both qualitative and numeric methodsFor qualitative judgment , the search bequeath focus valuing of opinions regarding VOIP on the internet . Opinions pull up stakes be self-contained form online way outs , blogs or bank notes on forums , personalisedised publications and studies published . Publications on line result be elect for study in recognition of the link between VOIP and public IP s such as the internet . A focus group reciprocation (FGD ) leave alone facilitate collapses and discussionFor the quantitative judgement , cost of orbit up a VOIP system for SME s pass on be estimated . cost leave alone consider frame-up of both software and equipment and all related costs , each directly or indirectly related to VOIP . Risk Assessment go away be use as the model of the analysisThe bearings of these appraisals are to evaluate the actual cost and nest egg of VOIP system infrastructure setup either as an initial pickax for companies or as a switching option . Another objective would be to turn up the prevailing state of VOIP communications and its future trends . The gathered information will also give an indication whether regulation is possible or not for VOIP and the import of its role as subversive communication systemQualitative Assessment MethodologySelection of ResourcesCreate a matrix to bring oblige selection so that online publications blogs , personal postings and studies are equal with the following(a) criteriaNo denomination lookd later that October 2005writership is specificResource is available onlineEvaluate the selected articles byDegree of relevance of textAuthorshipAs circulating(prenominal) as possibleSelect no more than cardinal resources for military rank ensuring that not more than are pen by the analogous write , like publisher , post on the same forum or page and same focus of studyPreparation of MaterialReprint the articles in uniformly excluding information regarding authorship and publication before analysesNumber the articles at random to track themPrepare a mathematical function to collect information per article per unmarried/Thesis of the articleArguments presentedImpact of contentSelection of ParticipantsParticipants in the FGD possess excessive noesis of VOIP but be certain of the applied science as an certain userChoose four participants who are not related or bed to each otherOrient them on the utilization of the study and the methodology of the FGDPreparation of ParticipantsShow that participants the selected articles and learn them to see if they have ingest any of the articles beforeRe mint formerly sympathise articles from selectionAllow each participant to read articles an fill up graph informationCalculationCollect all charted information form each participantOpen FGD discussion by presenting each of the article citing its author and sourceReview the charted information and allow set participant to discuss the information he had written downDocument FGD responses as group responses on a simper chartQuantitative Assessment MethodologyIdentification exist of hardware , software and network setupSwitching costOpportunity costExposure approach of hardware , software and network setupEvaluate VOIP system and service package rankEvaluate on deviation telephony or data network alternative costsSwitching costAssess cost of changing into VOIP systemEvaluate financial advantages or disadvantages in maintaining VOIP system versus previous standard telephony or data systemsOpportunity costCalculate if there is change in business volumeAssess if tone of voice or reliability is compromisedCalculate loss or gained do workalityAssessmentAssess risk take aims and later(prenominal) dissembleConsider what factors are key vulnerabilities and quantify risk levelCharacterizationEstimate probabilities of service or functional risk involvedIdentify how trading transactions or functions will be affected rating of AssessmentsResults of analyses should be presented equally and without prejudice Valuation of results or information is for the aspire of validity and relevance . If there is insufficient data , excess sampling and testing can be done to crap relevanceBoth qualitative (FGD ) and quantitative (risk sound judgement ) will be considered as foundations for the demonstration of the . away form using the analyses for conclusion they will also function as bench mark of each otherResultsQualitative AssessmentSummary of activitiesPre-FGD phrase evaluation ( name MatrixTitle course Author Type Publication / Source degraded Aims to move the be of VoIP Network monitor . 2006 Cole Arthur C . article TMCNetHow unafraid(p) is voice over IP ?2006 sulfur try communications Personal posting Siemens go-ahead communicationsHow VoIP kit and fortune 2006 Valdes , Robert hold How stuff works sunrise(prenominal) VOIP dust Offers brass integrating at debase Cost . 2006 Bordoloi Satyen K term TMCNetTelecommunications doing of 1996 2006Reference WikipediaThe Pros and Cons of VOIP 2006 Posey , Brien M . phrase Windows NetworkingVoice over earnings Protocol (VoIP . 2006 Federal communication theory Commission Personal posting Federal communications CommissionVoice over IP 2006Reference Wikipedia s Quality bewilderment 2005 Travis , Paul clause InformationWeekVoIP security sound judgement is some to start out a must 2006 Marsan , Carolyn Duffy Article Network human raceVOIP Security go pickings Hold 2005 Marsan , Carolyn Duffy Article CIO vernalsWhat Is VOIP 2005 Wallingford , Theodore Article O Reilly MediaFGD Article military rankTitle Code Included in FGD ?Key PointsFirm Aims to disdain the Cost of VoIP Network observe . 1 Yes Companies are trying to precipitate VOIP infrastructure cost and set up Reduction of cost is not just a means to make VOIP more botherible but also to build networks increasing the viability of VOIP as a universal communications systemHow warrant is voice over IP ?2 Yes Discusses security of vivacious VOIP technologies Raises the concerns regarding prevailing security concerns round VOIP and the possible risks involvedHow VoIP whole kit and caboodle 3 Yes Explains the elements of VOIP engine room and operation VOIP is an transformation that maximizes broadband technology and IP networksNew VOIP System Offers System consolidation at lower berth Cost 4 No Telecommunications Act of 1996 5 Yes Enumerated amendments to US communication regulation that include internet , networks and future telecoms The US plaque wants to take an active role in managing future communications technologies and is trying to anticipate them Regulation should think intimately how they are going deal with the demands of bracing technologies without stifling knowledge at the same timeThe Pros and Cons of VOIP 6 Yes Evaluation of the advantages and disadvantage of VOIP The advantages and disadvantages of VOIP are choices or risk that has to assessed by individual companies . VOIP switch or version is not just a question of technology it also should consider closely echtties of operations and managementVoice over Internet Protocol (VoIP . 7 No Voice over IP 8 No s Quality amazement 9 Yes Discusses the kick upstair of VOIP in terms of increasing quality and reliability Enumerates that VOIP promises to be a viable technology as the fabrication develops . Its present-day(prenominal) rate of development shows its great potential as a replacement of PSTN systems and as soft wares and hardware are beseeming more friendly more antiphonary to the needs of VOIP , we can expect purify services in the futureVoIP security assessment is about to let a must 10 Yes Calls for the focus on developing stringent VOIP security in expected take account of malicious and criminal confined in that respect is a certain against security risks . One has to consider not only just on-going vulnerabilities but must also anticipate them as wellVOIP Security serve pickings Hold 11 Yes Discusses the integrating of security systems into VOIP technology Security measures are now dampen anticipating the security needs of VOIP . It is to be anticipated that security are not yet at pace with the rate of development of VOIP since it is still in its step up stage . IT infrastructure innovations as well are needed to sign VOIP securityWhat Is VOIP 12 Yes Defines VOIP , its elements , technology and applications VOIP is a technology that utilizes data networks to carry voice . Packet switching and broadband connectivity are key elements in its operation and function . VOIP promises to be a cost effective communication systemFGD DiscussionText focus - charts the concepts that are some apparent in the articles analyse . Check tag invest the related primary focus of the article and X marks denote secondary focusp How secure is voice over IPp How VoIP deedsbr New VOIP System Offers System consolidation at Lower Cost Telecommunications Act of 1996p The Pros and Cons of VOIPVoice over Internet Protocol (VoIPVoice over IPp s Quality Surprise VoIP security assessment is about to become a mustp VOIP Security Services victorious Holdp What Is VOIPp Valuation of text - each check mark earns 2 points and each x mark earns a pointTitle price quality security regulation Firm Aims to Lower the Cost of VoIP Network Monitoring . 2 1 14How secure is voice over IP1 2 1 4How VoIP Works22New VOIP System Offers System Integration at Lower Cost 2 13Telecommunications Act of 19961 1 2 4The Pros and Cons of VOIP 1 1 24Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP . 1 2 14Voice over IP2 13 s Quality Surprise 1 23VoIP security assessment is about to become a must1 2 1 4VOIP Security Services Taking Hold1 2 1 4What Is VOIP2 13ResultsCurrent literary productions contentCurrent literature present VOIP not as an compulsory but as it is used in sure mountain considering external factors affecting itCurrent literature have similar relevance in terms of content and vary little and of their typeArticles seek to provide balance assessment of VOIP technology going into extremes of opinionAll literature consider VOIP at its early developmental stages reduce of current literatureThe prevailing focus of most of the articles is the emphasis on quality of servicesThe second major concern is that of securityQuality and security focus are significantly higher in value than all other s in considerationThe least valued is that of regulationQuantitative Assessment MethodologyFor the exercise of the quantitative evaluation , a theoretically conjunction s VOIP expenses for set up will be used as benchmark . The theoretically club has ternion offices , one in New York , San Francisco HawaiiIt is engaged in the sell pineapples form Hawaii to tally restaurants in New York and San Francisco . for each one of the offices has twenty personnel all have standard computers able to support VOIP operations . The come with has an subsisting broadband connection at 256 kbps . The conjunction uses in the main PSTN phones and has no existing international call subscription service package . The fraternity has an existing PBX system and computers have network access . The beau monde has no existing online retailing system and ing and supply is done by telecommunicate messagingThe family earns a historic come of coke ,000 dollars a form but has no existing storage reserved for the VOIP innovation . The club expects to join on company s productiveness by an bonny 20 from historical fair(a) yearly receivable to the migration to VOIP for the next collar yearsIdentificationAccording to Biddlecombe (2005 , VOIP frameation entails investing in hardware , software and internet connectionHardware cost depends on the sizing of the organization , the functionality or services needed and the geographic and spatial requirementsLAN , routers , cabling and access points are some of the hardware a VOIP requiresOff the shelf and free programs provide staple functions and VOIP services but may charge for superfluous servicesCharging for local and international calls to non-VOIP phones (PSTN and mobile phonesCharging for fax , FTP and other network functions and management tools higher(prenominal) speed internet connections directly affect quality of VOIP services (Posey , 2006A company may have to upgrade connection speed since what may be adequate for existing data or PBX needs may not be able to adequately support VOIPIn some countries , VOIP has been placed under barricade when using standard internet services , special connection services may have to be procured even if current bandwidth can already support VOIPSwitching costThe company was assessed 15 ,000 to set up the main office in Hawaii and the two removed(p) offices in New York and San Francisco (BuyerZone , 2005The company upgrades to T3 bandwidth 150 a calendar month additional fee to their existing subscription for the next three yearsThe company had to pay for additional software features to incorporate existing fax systems , one time fee of 250Opportunity costThe company enclothe to install online retailing as part of its services to maximize bandwidth and stretch forth business operations , setup cost is 5 ,500 with periodical maintenance and support fees of 90Exposure form 1 grade 2 yr 3Installation Package 15 ,000 .00 supernumerary Bandwidth 1 ,800 .00 1 ,800 .00 1 ,800 .00Fax System Incorporation 290 .00 retail System apparatus 5 ,500 .00 Support Fee 1 ,080 .00 1 ,080 .00 1 ,080 .00br 23 ,670 .00 2 ,880 .00 2 ,880 .00AssessmentRisk Schedule course of study 1Target bread (with 20 ripening great hundred ,000 .00Cost of VOIP migration - yr 1 23 ,670 .00 bread quarry for the year 143 ,670 .00 real maturation from average 43 .67Year 2Target Profit (with 20 growth long hundred ,000 .00Cost of VOIP operations - Year 2 2 ,880 .00Profit target for the year 122 ,880 .00 Actual increase from average 22 .88Year 3Target Profit (with 20 growth 120 ,000 .00Cost of VOIP operations - Year 3 2 ,880 .00Profit target for the year 122 ,880 .00 Actual increase from average 22 .88EvaluationThe most tricky year to mitigate risk for the company because of the greatest amount of cash outlay . If the company is to maintain its current productivity , operations must be able to generate 143 ,670 .00 in profit for the yearMonetary risk diminishes significantly in Year 1 and 2CharacterizationYear 1 will mean that the company will be unlikely to adopt productivity targets .
Since the company already has a standing profit level of 100 ,000 annually the probability will be low that they will be able to meet the newborn target considering the learning curves still to be mastered with new operationsCost decrement other than in IT should be part of the agenda to minimize impact on moolahYear 2 and Year 3 will probably be smash years for the company . The less additional cost by VOIP will allow it to waste profit it may not have been able to meet in Year 1Profit levels will be compromised in Year 1 but in Year 2 and Year 3 elicitment profit and operations will be more apparentThe company needs to be able to sustain operations in Year 1 and 2 to support existing operations , additional costs and unfulfilled profits , if any , from Year 1Conclusion and coming(prenominal) TrendsDean (2003 ) suggested that the variations of VOIP are for the following reasonsTo grow business efficiency and competitivenessTo be technologically up to date and preserve competitive leverageTo unify voice and data network managementTo increase employee productivityTo be cost-effectiveThe cost effectiveness comes primarily from the companies ability to circumvent telecommunications cost that come in the form of international phone charges and other PSTN related telephony charges gratis(p) VOIP should be plan of not in its tangible subject matter since there are costs to it energy , broadband connection and hardware and software needed to support VOIP . The real cost benefit of VOIP may actually come from being able to liquefy data and voice communications into a angiotensin-converting enzyme network affording the company as whole as well its employees flexibility to abide connected , constantly if needed , in real timeVOIP , like any other technology is a tool . universe so , it can be utilized either for versatile intentions . It also retains the intrinsic vulnerabilities of IP networks and as there have developed security measure for existing IP networks , so should there be efforts to protect the justice of VOIP communications . There are existing VoIP security tools and software in the market . Developers should be able to keep in discernment the realities of VOIP communications and provide options to personalize security measures as needed by companies (Iwatsu Voice Networks , 2006VOIP technology is affording offend cost alternatives and new revenue streams for companies specially those in telecommunications but it has also created new impart for crimes . According to the Laura Parsky Deputy auxiliary attorney Genera in the US Department of Justice , that VOIP is providing criminals communication alternatives that the political relation is till unable to monitor to suffice policing (Keegan , 1994VOIP was also not been able to match PSTN quality and reliability . The availability of PSTN telephone systems was ensured by implementing network engineering as well as controlled access to the network . VOIP allows routers to assess routes for the voice packets to go through and when doing so over public IP systems with large number of users lack the Internet , land and distributed DoS attacks also become real problems that affect VOIP reliability and quality . Engineers have to contrive techniques to elicit network design and access control VoIP has to address the issue of security for transmitted messages before it can become universal . The Internet s packet-switched architecture may provide carriers and businesses cost and efficiency advantages but also capacious security headaches as well . Along with IPv6 many versions of VoIP software have conflate encryption , offering better security than older implementations (Varshney et al , 2002 . The use of these advanced authentication and ascendency techniques will serve well address such important security and quality issues of VOIP (se Results . crossways the board enhancements in Internet security will help protect VOIP integrity and make it more viable for integration to existing communication systemsVOIP can benefit form the adaptation of common practices that have apply for the internet such asDeliberate investment in interoperability and convergence at all levels of the technologyTaking advantage of proficient opportunities in an IP-based network but in fallback-friendly mode that protects functionalitySustaining efforts collapse to software engineering practices that map security and performance in real-timeLeveraging a broad base development for both ideas and programmingParticipating in the discussion about genial policy and regulatory reclaim around VoIP (Sicker Lookabaugh , 2004Creating diversity or services and configurations to their infrastructures to make sure of their abilities in security and develop the ability to safely blend different components from several vendors through never-ending testingEstablishing cooperative act involving the service provider vendors , and customers to advance security , quality and developmentA caller move in VOIP development was suggested by Nascimiento et al (2006 . The point involved the utilization of IETF IPSec to enhance confidentiality and security design holes of radio receiver VoIP networks Their study cerebrate that a QoS tool based on E-Model is an efficient and objective manner to evaluate the impact of the IPSec on the traffic VoIP . This tool can be comfortably used in a BSS or PICONET environment where the step of voice communication quality is specially required due to the wireless channel behaviorAccording to Sims (2004 , CIO-Today mention the Forrester Research that evaluates the pros and cons of VOIP adoption and found out that though VOIP has grown significantly . US households were off the beaten track(predicate) less than what was expected or has been apparent in mercenary industries , Three percentageageage were using a paid service and 1 percent used a free one . long dozen percent were interested or very interested . Forrester give tongue to set is the issue that will get user attention (Sims , 2004 . If households do not become part of VOIP networks , it can hard limit the applications and universality of the technologyThe internalisation of VOIP and mobile communications stock-still , could at last turn the tides for skeptics of VOIP . expeditious VoIP is one of the detailed focuses of VOIP development today . The development of mobile communication units that are maximizing new processors that have allowed multimedia functions and increasing availability of access points is render this development in VOIP communications . Delivering mobile VoIP will be a revolutionary occasion for the IT industry and will become a recognition of true communications mobilityOne of the sure things ahead for VOIP is that it will be subject to more speculation and government will try to regulate it more is only to make sure that they are aware of VOIP industry developments . According to the FCC (2006 ) its efforts are to protect the public who can become to be the most vulnerable against the technology . According to Biddlecombe (2005 , VOIP should become real services for real need and real people And VOIP , with its realities and possibilities is worth the risk of incorporation but efforts to utilize VOIP should keep in mind not to use the technology not only for its own sakeVOIP has significant costs and requires long term use for true realization of spending and potential . Risks must calculated with benefits , keeping in mid that these factors may change dynamically in the future as VOIP grows into its role in the It industryReferencesBiddlecombe , Elizabeth (2005 . VOIP primer : How it works - and what the pious platitude means . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from hypertext dislodge protocol /network .silicon .com / query /specialreports /VOIP /0 ,3912775 9 ,00 .htmBordoloi , Satyen K (2006 . New VOIP System Offers System Integration at Lower Cost . TMCNet . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from hypertext change protocol /news .tmcnet .com /news /2006 /04 /19 /1587066 .htmBuyerZone (2005 . Real-world VOIP phone system rates from BuyerZone buyers . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from hypertext transfer protocol / vane .buyerzone .com /telecom_equipment /VOIP /bps-VOIP-rates .htmCharny , Ben (2004 . The price of VOIP s economic system . CNET tidings Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from hypertext transfer protocol /news .com .com /The price of VOIP s thriftiness /2100-7352_3-5273275 htmlCole , Arthur C (2006 . Firm Aims to Lower the Cost of VOIP Network Monitoring . TMCnet . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from hypertext transfer protocol /VOIPservices .tmcnet .com /feature /articles /2524-firm-aims-lower-cos t-VOIP-network-monitoring .htmCOOK Report (2001 . Tools for Access and Scaling : Ethernet in the premier(prenominal) Mile , 10 gig in Backbone , ENUM In PSTN . The COOK Report on Internet Protocols Technology , economic science July . Policy . pp . 1-23Dean , T (2003 . pass on to Telecommunications Technology . London : Thomson skill , IncDuffy , Jim (2004 . More VOIP issues bubbling up More VOIP issues bubbling up . Network humanness . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from hypertext transfer protocol / web .networkworld .com /news /2004 /0209VOIPreg .htmlFederal communications Commission (2006 . Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /network .fcc .gov /VOIPGribble , C (2006 ) History of the Web Beginning at CERN . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http / web .hitmill .com /internet /web_history .htmlGrowth melodic line (2005 . Cut-price communications : VOIP takes off Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http / entanglement .growthbusiness .co .uk / expansion /170 /cutprice-communications-VO IP-takes-off .thtmHickman , Angela (1998 . The FCC Takes On IP telephony . PC snip people 17 ,. 29Internet phone service : rotatory technology , telecom passage of arms (2006 . CBC News Online . October 5 , 2006 from http / web .cbc .ca /news / understate /VOIPIwatsu Voice Networks (2006 . Converged Technology : A Cost-Effective Alternative to VOIP predict Systems . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 http /network .technology-reports .com /report .aspKeegan ,(1994 . High Tech Pirates Collecting Phone Calls ground forces Today br. 4AKorzeniowski , Paul (1998 , July 20 . IP Telephony Is tantalizing . PC Week multitude 15 .. 291Lawson , Stephen (1998 . 3Com to add IP telephony (development deal with eFusion (Company line and Marketing . InfoWorld hoi polloi 20 .. 23Leavitt , Neal (1999 . Will 1999 be the year of IP telephony . Computer br. 15LeClaire , Jennifer (2004 . FCC Chairman Opposes States Regulation of VOIP . E-Commerce measure . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http / entanglement .ecommercetimes .com /story /37472 .htmlMarsan , Carolyn Duffy (2005 .VOIP Security Services Taking Hold . CIO News . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http / entanglement .cio .in /news /viewArticle /ARTICLEID 1721Marsan , Carolyn Duffy (2006 .VOIP security assessment is about to become a must . Network World . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http / web .techworld .com /security /features /index .cfm ?featureid 2680 pagt ype samecatsamechanMobile VOIP (2006 . Wikipedia Online encyclopaedia . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /en .wikipedia .org /wiki /Mobile_VOIPNascimento , A , Passito , A , Mota , E , Nascimento , E , and Carvalho , L (2006 . contribute I Add a full VOIP Call ? legal proceeding of the 2006 International Symposium on World of receiving set , Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WOWMOM 06 . IEEE Computer SocietyPosey , Brien M (2006 . The Pros and Cons of VOIP . Windows Networking Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /network .windowsnetworking .com /articles_tutorials /Pros-Cons-VOIP .htmRendon , Jim (2002 . analyst : VOIP offers more than cost nest egg Networking News . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /searchnetworking .techtarget .com /originalContent /0 ,289142 ,sid7_gci 857902 ,00 .htmSamahon , Tuan N (1999 . The first of all Amendment case against FCC IP telephony regulation (Internet Protocol . Federal Communications Law diary . Volume 51 .. 493Sicker , D .C . and Lookabaugh , T (2004 . Queue Focus : : VOIP Security : not an rethink . Queue Volume 2 Number 6Siemens attempt Communications (2006 . How secure is voice over IP Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /network .siemens .com /index .jsp ?sdc_p t8ls8o1374727i508cd1080788fmu0n11 47519pHPz3Sims , David (2004 . VOIP dissect : High Point amongst 2010 and 2014 TMCNet . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 http /www .tmcnet .com /channels /selecting-VOIP-solutions /VOIP-solutions-a rticles /VOIP-gains-steam-in-coming-years .htmTech FAQ (2006 . VOIP . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /www .tech-faq .com /VOIP .shtmlTelecommunications Act of 1996 (2006 . Wikipedia Online encyclopaedia Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /en .wikipedia .org /wiki /Telecommunications_Act_of_1996Trager , Louis (1998 . FCC regulation of net telephony possible . ZDNews Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /www .zdnet .com /intweek /print /980413 /306725 .htmlTravis , Paul (2005 . s Quality Surprise . InformationWeek Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 http /informationweek .com /story /showArticle .jhtml jsessionid RVFJRVCDOG CMSQSNDBCSKHSCJUMEKJVN ?articleID 4Office of Technology Assessment (1990 . comminuted Connections Communication for the Future , OTA-CIT-407 , Washington , D .C :U .S Government Printing OfficeValdes , Robert (2006 . How VOIP Works . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /electronics .howstuffworks .com /ip-telephony .htmVarshney , U , Snow , A , McGivern , M . and Howard , C (2002 . Voice over IP . Communications of the ACM Volume 45 Number 1 . Colman , Price (1998 November 30Voice over IP (2006 . Wikipedia Online Encyclopaedia . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /en .wikipedia .org /wiki /Voice_over_IPVoice over IP : Technical Issues (2002 . more than Research Network . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /www .more .net /technical /research /VOIP /technical /issues .htmlWallingford , Theodore (2005 . What Is VOIP . O Reilly Media . Retrieved on October 5 , 2006 from http /www .oreillynet .com /pub /a /network /2005 /09 /02 /what-is-VOIP .html pp . 1-4Refer to en .wikipedia .org /wiki /Mobile_VoIP for information regarding mobile VOIP ( Mobile VOIP , 2006To learn more about Skype , refer to product information provided at www .skype .com 67Y]pp LMwezhff367f7Z[]ppppbr ILMfMgdezhfhh?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?ekdlRR?eRRRRRRRRR?e?e?epp kdppppp ?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?e?eCode number is assign before FGD . and Key Points entries are summaries of FGD discussion doubles are taken from online quote done by BuyerZone (see www .buyerzone .comVOIP PAGE 38 Figure 1 . Typical VOIP and computer setup (Source : Federal Communications CommissionFigure 2 . VOIP calls and public network calls between New York and San Francisco (Source : Keynotes Systems , as cited in Travis (2005 Figure 3 . VOIP Layered Security computer architecture Model (Source : Siemens Enterprise Communications ...If you want to get a full essay, set out it on our website:
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