Peter Pan Syndrome Essay

Peter Pan syndrome, is exactly how it sounds. It’s a disorder that is derived from the novel Peter Pan written by J.M. Barrie that defines those who appear as an adult but their actions are quite childlike. The ‘Peter Pans’ of present society â€Å"see the adult world as very problematic and glorify adolescence, which is why they want to stay in that state of privilege†, according to Humbelina Robles Ortega, professor of the Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment of the University of Granada and an expert in emotional disorders. Although it can affect both men and women it is often seen in the male population. The syndrome is developed through environmental factors, and cannot be genetically inherited. â€Å"What causes Peter Pan syndrome?†, you may ask. According to top psychologist, it is do to overprotective parents. What this is exactly is that the parent is so overprotective that it does not allow the child to have their own life experiences to grow up and learn on their own, so the â€Å"child† is in need of constant parenting. Dan Kiley, who defined Peter Pan syndrome in 1983, also suggests behind every â€Å"Peter† there is a â€Å"Wendy†. Thus creating the term â€Å"Wendy syndrome†, which is used for women who shadows their companions as a motherly figure. Women with â€Å"Wendy syndrome† The consistent parenting figure in the person’s life with PPS, Peter Pan syndrome, never gives them a chance to grow up. The typical PPS victim experienced a great deal of permissiveness in his upbringing. This led to a lack of self-discipline, demonstrated by laziness and irresponsibility, along with the inability to learn how to control their emotions. PPS may be diagnosed once the person begins to show symptoms and signs. Certain symptoms are outbursts of emotion, expressing anger to the point of wrath, happiness that turns into extreme panic, frustration that leads to self-pity and/or depression, and they always feel guilty. The use of anger is used to push the person away that is trying to push reality upon them. People diagnosed with this also show difficulty relaxing and can be really undependable considering their childlike characteristics. They are also narcissistic with dependency and manipulation tendencies. Basically, this syndrome characterizes the personality of an immature person and also includes narcissistic behavior. Another serious problem people with Peter Pan syndrome have is developing relationships. Referring back to the person’s relationship with their parents, men often find themselves fixated on their mother. Usually because of their fixation with their mother, this is when they develop feelings of anger and guilt due to their conflicting feelings for their mother. The relationship with the father is at odds since the person diagnosed believe his love and approval is off limits. The hang up on their mother is what will cause difficulty in future relationships. Individuals with this syndrome have a hard time building relationships with peers. As a result they become depressed and feel desperately alone in their attempt to belong. They often don’t fix the problem though because their solution to any problem is to ignore the issue and until it disappears. Most people, especially men, with this diagnosis cannot have a real connection with friends because they believe they can only be bought. When they do get friends, they often ‘drag their feet’ and cause a delay when hanging out because they share characteristics of the condition called narcissistic personality disorder. Males with PPS have trouble keeping a love life as well. They tend to become easily extremely jealous and exhibit violent outbursts. If the woman tries to assert her independence, the male becomes easily provoked to fits of anger. They fear if the woman asserts their independence, then they’ll appear weak and not like a man in front of friends. This often causes the male to refuse to share feelings. This may result to having difficulty expressing love, especially when it comes to being sensitive. Men often pick younger women to have relationships with because that way they don’t have to worry about responsibility such as settling down and having a family. People with the disorder could live a normal life. There is no physical or brain function change for those with this disorder. It may take energy from their partner, but with dedication they could show them having a committed relationship can be worthwhile too. If their partner begins to suffocate them then they’ll scare them off, so it’s better to give them their own space. If it is a man, then make sure they still get their â€Å"man cave†. As long as both partners are understanding of the person’s needs with PPS then it’ll work out. The only thing that could stop them from having a bad life would be the narcissistic characteristics of Peter Pan syndrome. They tend to be absorbed with imaginative comfort in their minds which attracts them to introspection. This leads them to be imprisoned by childhood fantasy, not the realities and difficulties of life that they need to overcome. In an attempt to avoid the realities of life, it could cause them to use prohibited drugs and abuse alcohol in an attempt to escape the obstacles of life. The only major complication of Peter Pan Syndrome for individuals having the disorder is not being able to build strong relationships. However, they remain unsuccessful at facing fears and responsibilities, and may also acquire other psychological disorders. According to research, people having Peter Pan Syndrome have very low self-esteem and are unmotivated leaving them feeling depressed. Individuals having Peter Pan Syndrome do not usually exhibit the self-confidence, motivation and determination that are keys for being successful. Treatment for Peter Pan syndrome is uncertain. Peter Pan syndrome is still unrecognized as a mental disorder by the American Psychiatric Association and WHO, which is why there is no specific treatment. There are therapies such as the wilderness therapy, which covers psychodrama, cognitive behavioral therapy, strength-based therapies, solution-focused therapy, trans-personal counseling, and family therapy. There is other treatment modalities as well, such as: The Healing Sound of Silence, Embracing The Twelve Step Philosophy, and Transforming Into An Effective Adult. The Healing Sound of Silence helps the individual keep away from refocusing their addiction on something else such as: watching TV, computer games, drugs, etc. Instead, they put the focus on themselves and their issues in an attempt to get their life back on track. It allows them to learn the basics on how to face the real problems of life. The Twelve Step Philosophy is a camping therapy. It’s a twelve-step program that helps them recognize the importance of a support system. They learn that every individual has a role and purpose. They also learn self care. The transformation into an effective adult is when the Peter Pan-like person begins taking responsibilities. Even though there is no established cure for the disease, the only time that the person with Peter Pan Syndrome is treated is when the individual shows willingness and awareness of their disorder. Since Peter Pan Syndrome is a disorder caused by factors during childhood, any prevention measures should be directed at parents and their awareness on how to raise a child. Parenting discussions should be organized, especially for teenage parents so they are aware of techniques to teach their children about responsibilities. Also, the environmental factors still need to be considered when raising a child. The right role models should always be around as well for positive influence.

“Dry September” by William Faulkner

William Faulkner was born on September 25, 1897, in North Albany, Mississippi. He was Nobel Prize winner in 1950 for literature and one of the great southern writers who narrated the traditions and chauvinism of his own regional culture to describe his novels and short stories. The characters in his work are memorable forever. â€Å"Dry September† is a short story, written by him in 1931, composed in five parts. â€Å"Dry September,† is dealt about the life of white woman’s unconvinced blame of abuse against a black man and the prejudiced reaction of the townsmen.The story is about the events connected the murder of Will Mayes but the actual events of murder is not well mentioned to divert the attention of a reader towards the causes of violence psychologically as well as physical torture. George Marion O’Donnell calls Faulkner â€Å"a really traditional moralist, in the best sense† . In this story Minnie Cooper was neglected by the society and her feelings about her womanhood affected her psychologically, rather than the murder of Will Mayes.Faulkner mentioned the words like â€Å"lifeless†, â€Å"breathless†, and â€Å"dry† to symbolize the neglected value of Miss Minnie's in society because her sexual life is considered as dead. Faulkner narrates the view of Minnie's motive so unfair to the character of Will Mayes. In â€Å"Dry September† the townspeople, particularly Minnie Cooper and McLendon, give such importance to Will Mayes’s race than the quality of his moral character. This failure to understanding by other human beings was one of the major events connected to the death of Will Mayes.Miss Minnie Cooper was psychologically tortured by the society and finds it difficult to accept herself that what the society thinks about her. Ferguson asserts that Faulkner’s greatest stories—â€Å"Dry September† among them— â€Å"always deal with this fundamental human t ruth† . When her friend's children call her ‘aunty' she objects and likes to being called as cousin. She wants to change their impression of her and she wants to be liked by them. As like Will Mayes was murdered in spite of his innocence, Minnie is disgraced from the society even though she did not made any mistake.Volpe says, â€Å"the characters in Faulkner's southern society are drawn from three social levels: the aristocrats, the townspeople, and the Negroes† . Early southern society was well known for the great importance of woman's purity. An unmarried woman was supposed as pure. In this story, Faulkner narrated the role of Miss Minnie Cooper in â€Å"Dry September† as a spinster. This story is a devasting critique of the southern stories that dealt with the lives of women. The story presents Faulkner's analysis of societal supremacy based on gender.Narrating the southern society this story is a mixture of past and present events to portray the motiva tion of characters. Hence it remained as a critique of southern society. References: Ferguson, James. Faulkner’s Short Fiction. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1991. O’Donnell, George Marion. â€Å"Faulkner’s Mythology. † Faulkner: 4 Decades of Critcism. Ed. Linda Welshimer Wagner. Michigan State University Press, 1973. Volpe, Edmond. A Reader's Guide to William Faulkner. New York: Octagon, 1974.

American Family and the Home Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Family and the Home - Essay Example The results obtained from the 10 usable questionnaires are analyzed in this section. The data, represented in graphs and tables shows the perception of the respondents regarding American family and the home. The first question required the respondents to describe their families. The results indicated that the families are crazy; happy, funny and entertaining; big, loving, crazy and loud; dysfunctional; simple; large and crazy; small and successful; diverse; and divorced. Most of the families are crazy while a few are happy and successful. Most of the families are not very successful as they ought to be as some are dysfunctional.The second question asked: â€Å"What is the ethnic origin of your family?† The results were; Jamaican; Syrian, Native American; Italian, German, Irish, Puerto Rican; African-American; German/Irish; Caucasian; and White. This indicates that many of the families in America are of different origins with African-American, Italian and German/Irish tying at 20 percent.The third and fourth questions asked the role of the fathers and the mothers in the family. Results indicated that in more than 50 percent of the families. Fathers were the breadwinners and disciplinarians while mothers played the role of homemakers. Fathers play leadership roles while mothers are caregivers. Other respondents indicated that their fathers are absent possibly due to divorce thereby leaving mothers with the sole role of providing for the family, comforting them and leading them. Such mothers nurture the children.

A risk assessment for FDI Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

A risk assessment for FDI - Research Paper Example The present study would focus on risk management that centers on adopting methodical and steady strategies to administer all of the IT functions threats facing an organization. This paper identifies the problems facing FDI, such as cutbacks spearheaded by the CEO in the IT department in terms of budget and personnel, and which have resulted to a political infighting, whereby the top management of FDI is split on whether there needs to be cutbacks in internal IT functions in favor of outsourcing, or maintaining it as the core of the business. The mitigation strategies identified for FDI problems comprises, hiring an intermediary consulting firm that is independent of the internal politics that are going on concerning the state of IT functions. Moreover, the setting up of an audit committee would help to direct and check the internal functional transaction. Thus, they will be responsible for assessing business and IT functions risks. Furthermore, groups or concern parties will be desig nated as central points in the administering and directing of the organization risk assessment procedures. In addition, the paper elaborates on the important risks issues concerning IT functions when it comes to outsourcing. Finally, the paper presents the risk assessment for the company and validates the claims that IT functions outsourcing is presenting the organization with risk on IT outsourcing. Introduction Risk assessment, is the procedure of scheming quantitatively the probable damage plus monetary outlay, resulting from threats, susceptibility and by incidents impacting the collection of IT assets of an organization (Tipton & Nozaki, 2011). Information technology risk management is the essential process which aids organizations to attain new business transformations, future savings in IT and their IT systems, along with a rising reliance on delivery within the organization information systems. However, the adoption of IT functions and systems has resulted in risks related t o ICT, like strategic risks, operational risks, as well as technological risks (Bahli & Rivard, 2003). Therefore, IT risks management approaches and strategies, need to be developed and implemented within organizations. Accordingly, before implementing any action that would reduce the internal IT functions of an organization, there needs to be a coherent IT risk management entails IT governance, plus information security governance being developed. The aim of this paper is to conduct a risk assessment for FDI, in order to make a compelling case as to what value the IT department brings over that of an integrator that can provide services at 40 percent less annual cost. Discussion Organizational Asset Firstly, the major organizational asset for Fast Distribution, Inc. is information, and the firm has an extensive and expansive data center which helps in keeping pace with issues, such as S&P averages. Therefore, the organization information system helps the organization to collect kno wledge, in order to be utilized effectively. Secondly, the firm brand is a major organizational asset, especially after being recognized by Forbes magazine. Thirdly, innovation pushed forward by the well-honed management is also a critical organizational asset. Then there is human capital, whereby the company has over 3200 experienced and consistent employees. Organizational Risks One of the major risk associated with diminishing internal IT services in favor of outsourcing for FDI, is its exposure to vulnerability in security and strategic capability, especially from the CEO suggestion of an open market. Notably, there is always the possibility that one of the outsourcing company personnel or

Does left realist criminology develop a new theoretical perspective Essay

Does left realist criminology develop a new theoretical perspective - Essay Example sort which views crime as a blemish which, with suitable treatment, can be removed from the body of society, which is, in itself, otherwise healthy and in little need of reconstruction. Rather it suggests that it is within the core institutions of society (its relationships of class and of gender) and its central values (such as competitive individualism and aggressive masculinity) that crime arises. Crime is not a product of abnormality but of the normal workings of the social order. Secondly, it is realistic in that it attempts to be faithful to the reality of crime. This involves several tasks: realistically appraising the problem of crime, deconstructing crime into its fundamental components (the square of crime), critically examining the nature of causality, being realistic about the possibilities of intervention and, above all, fully understanding the changing social terrain in which we now live. The particular political space in which left realism emerged was in the mid-1980s. The juxtaposition was with the emergence of conservative (`neo-liberal) governments in many Western countries which pursued an overtly punishment-oriented approach to crime control. At that time a liberal/ social democratic opposition was on the defensive. The neoliberals actively pointed to the rise in the crime rate and entered vigorously into law and order campaigns on behalf of `the silent majority, holding offenders responsible for their actions and advocating punishment as the solution. The New Left position, which had its origins in the libertarianism of the 1960s, tended to resemble a mirror image of the right. That is, it denied or downplayed the level of crime, portrayed the offender as victim of the system, and stressed a multiculturalism of diversity and struggle where radicalism entailed the defence of the community against the incursions of the state, particularly the police and the criminal justice system. What was necessary was a criminology which could navigate

Final paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Final paper - Essay Example Adhering to a tradition that is historicary and theologically interconnected to two other religions means to stick to something common among all religions, as all of them believe in the existence of only one God The Jews use the Hebrew bible as their canon, the canon contains the story and the portrayals of Abraham Jews refer to Abraham as Abram, which later changed to Abraham after the making of the covenant, in the canon Abraham is the son of Terah, husband to Sarah and father to Isaac. In Judaism, sticking to the Abraham tradition is because of his obedience in God and the faith he had in God, Abraham was righteous. The covenant he made with God, which is to make him the father of all nations with circumcision as the physical evidence to show all his descendants, is also very important in Judaism. Abraham was a man full of faith and obedience, when God called Abraham and instructed him to leave his home Haran to go to an identified destination Abraham obeyed and left, God however made a covenant with Abraham used up to date by the Jews . The covenant between God and Abraham was that of giving him many descendants, as the stars in heaven, that is from Abraham a great nation would emerge that would greatly benefit human kind. Despite the fact that Abraham and Sarah and no children, Abraham had faith in God that he would fulfil his promise by giving him a son Jews view circumcision very important up to date, they believe that for all the descendants of Abraham circumcision should be necessary just as the Hebrew bible states that the covenant is everlasting to all the descendants of Abraham. Judaism religion is guided by the covenant in which the followers believe to have emerged; this brings to the religion the meaning of Abraham in their teachings. Jews also have the believe in the faith and the obedience that Abraham had in the almighty God. Even with all the doubt that Sarah

Organizational Diagnosis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organizational Diagnosis - Term Paper Example The obtained results are instrumental in devising solutions. As organizations are increasing around the globe, they are creating more opportunities for organizational problems. According to Papadopoulos (2009), increasing organizations make the organizational owners and managers to encounter different conflicts with their employees and different issues; thus, negatively affecting the productivity of an organization. However, it is imperative for such managers to consider conducting organizational analysis to ensure that every organizational subsystem is functioning effectively, increasing the effectiveness of an organization. Possible issues that might occur in an organization and their preventive measures Different organizations around the globe face many issues that affect their effectiveness; hence, distorting their productivity. Therefore, this paper will draw attention on these issues. Firstly, information security is a major issue to most organizations. Information insecurity h as turned out to me a major problem affecting most organizations since most of the current organizations rely on information technology in their operations. The threats and ferociousness involved in technology have made the protection of organizational private information to be a challenge. This has resulted into other companies hacking vital information concerning their competitor negatively interfering with them (Daft, 2010). In addition, the company managers also control the employees’ personal information denying them freedom to privacy. For example, there are some organizations, which manage the private information of their employees by accessing their emails, Facebook accounts and their communications on phone information. It is important for organizations to train their employees on information security for them to prevent hacking of their organizational private information. The organizations should also ensure that they form a key password for the organizational infor mation to prevent other competing organizations from interfering with their organizational privacy. In addition, organizational managers should ensure that they balance the employees’ freedom and privacy, while at the work place when it comes to managing their personal information. For example, there are some organizations, which take control of all their employees’ personal information by monitoring how they communicate through emails while at work, as well as their computers and other accounts (Daft, 2010). Therefore, it is important for organizations to possess privacy rights hence considering potential issues on employee privacy and autonomy among employees. Secondly, most of the problems in the current organizations arise due to communication problems amongst employees. Consequently, such problems results into dissimilar negative effects such as lowering employees’ productivity, job turn over and other activities within an organization. Poor communication i s a barrier to any organization’s productivity because good communication increases productivity by enabling employees to share ideas, point out potential problems and create an environment that can solve dissimilar issues within an organization. According to Ziegenfuss (2002), good communication process in an organization, results to less problems and conflicts. In order for organizations

See the dic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

See the dic - Essay Example is no new requirement with a harmful effect to the project is added; Time Management, which involves ensuring that the deadline of the project is met; Cost Management, which sees the project completed within the budget; Quality Management, which ensures the project does what it was intended to and is completed according to the requirements; Human Resource Management, which involves all processes for managing, developing and putting the team together; Communication Management, which determines the type of information needed and the medium of sending that information as well as how the performance of the project will be reported; Risk Management, which includes identification, controlling and management of risks associated with the project; and Procurement Management, which involves processes for acquisition of services and materials required for successful completion of the project. In summary, there are nine major knowledge areas of a project and each knowledge area covers an important part of the project. One knowledge area may cover various phases of groups of processes in the project. A project manager must therefore excel in all the nine knowledge areas even though some knowledge areas may be more pivotal than the others. Each area must however be executed with professionalism and care in order to have a successful project

International Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

International Management - Essay Example International Management The centrality of leadership is essential in managing a company or unit division holistically. Leadership styles are defined as those that provide motivation and direction in order to influence the approach and manner of influencing plans. To this end, leadership styles are classified as free reign, democratic or autocratic. By employing different leadership styles, individual productivity can be affected through his or her performance. A democratic leadership style employs inclusivity during the decision making process. However, it is paramount to note that the leader has the final decision pertaining to a cause of action. On the other hand, an autocratic leadership style is whereby the leader mandates responsibilities to employees without asking advice from followers or employees. A leadership style that employs free reign is whereby the leader mandates the decision making process to employees as well as delegating a number of activities and tasks for them to handle. It is pertinen t to note that it is commendable to employ the same leadership styles in all EU countries. Evidently, execution of leadership styles by team members leads to both negative and positive effects to the persons concerned. Positive leaders employ the use of rewards in motivating a person. These include using education and independence as motivational reward to the citizenry. On the other hand, leaders who are negative in approach are mostly domineering and superior in nature. The moral of worker and productivity is normally adversely affected by the wrongful use of negative leadership. To this end the EU countries consist of 27 states that are driven by economic and political motivation. Moreover, the member countries possess a myriad of norms and cultures that vary from region to region. Furthermore, the countries possess a variety of languages, religions, histories and systems of education. There equally exist divergent forms of leadership among the member countries. For example, Fren ch leaders are renowned for their autocratic style of leadership while Germans are well known or their assertive nature in leadership. Moreover, matters and issues pertaining to human rights human relations and rights are normally divergent from one country to the other. Consequently, a solution to such differences lies in the embracing of a similar leadership style among all EU countries. However, it is pertinent to evaluate whether a single style of leadership can be accepted and effectively satisfy all member states of the EU. To this end, the efficacy and success of a single type of leadership can only be achieved through proposals and appeal for acceptance rather than forcing it down on the member states. Moreover, in order to achieve flexible leadership type, all the European leaders need to appreciate and consider the context of these countries. The rapid rate of internationalization enhances the scope, size and types of organizations. Consequently, a rise in demand for day t o day comprehension of global businesses and cross cultural awareness. The benefit of singular leadership type is that it takes advantages of improves work and employee performance. Thus, it is paramount of EU leaders to be cross culturally, sensitive, adaptive and responsive when carrying out and delegating duties all ove national borders. The introduction of a unilateral leadership style also

VENDORS OF RED BULL CRASHED ICE Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

VENDORS OF RED BULL CRASHED ICE - Case Study Example (Red Bull Crashed Ice, 2008) Also, the essay will be a discussion of the vendors needed to make such an event successful. Examples of vendors that will be discussed include; food vendors, beverage vendors, advertising vendors, Music and entertainment vendors, ancillary vendors and security vendors. A sports event without food is a failed one. Reports indicate that many Canadians including the ones at Quebec City are looking for snack based foods. Some of the most common foods to be found in such events include peanuts, soft drinks, hotdogs, and ice cream. Consequently, the Red Bull Crashed Ice event will be more of a success if it contained some of the latter mentioned items. Dry foods such as peanuts and other snack may be sold by many vendors. However, food requiring some sort of heating such as hotdogs and sausages will need to be sold by vendors with stands. The company either has the choice of having stalls where the vendors could be located or alternatively, they could offer these items in carts. The latter approach would be more feasible than the former one because of the fact that the event will only last for one day. Additionally, most food vendors are usually contract based; consequently, most of them may already have their own facilities that would assist them in the process of selling their merchandise. In order to determine how much reception the sports fun will give to a food type, it is essential for one to consider the nature of the sport. In sports where there is less action, then people are likely to get out of their seats and buy items. The Red Bull Ice event will be packed with action as it is naturally a fast sport. (Red Bull Crashed Ice, 2008)Additionally, the weather or the condition of the venue plays a large role. It has been noted that when it is extremely cold, people tend to stay in their seats and move around less, however, when it is warm, then they are likely to look for food stands. In order to ensure that food vendors conduct their business people, it will be essential for food vendors to move around with the commodities because the nature of event is likely to trigger minimal participation from people. In order to boost the success of this event, it will be important for the food vendors to offer a wide variety of foods. For instance, hamburgers, pizzas and some deep fried chicken may be an alternative. It should be noted that most people tend to prefer certain dry foods in sports events because it gives them the flexibility to stand up and cheer their teams without worrying about dropping their food. This means, that the food on offer needs to be easy to handle. There are various ways in which the company can access such food vendors. First of all, it could find out some of the vendors that have taken part in previous events in Quebec thus hiring them. The best way of doing this is by consulting with previous sponsors of the game. Alternatively, the company could search through numerous Food vending sites across the Internet which contain lists of people who have worked in the sporting event before. These vendors normally place their resumes on those websites and the company can then prove whether the claims made in those advertisements are true by calling some of their previous clients. Additionally, some vendors have created websites of where to find them and where they are based Quebec City has a wide range to choose from. One such company is known as Kijiji Edmonton. This company was created with

The Christian Virtues in Medical Practice Essay Example for Free

The Christian Virtues in Medical Practice Essay The Christian Virtues in Medical Practice is a soul touching and brain boosting book prepared by Edmund D. Pellegrino and David C. Thomasma in 1996. It speaks of how being a Christian makes a difference in being a physician. The philosophies of the authors made a colorful explanation in the book on how virtue ethics counts a lot. Faith, hope and charity were given emphasis since it is the three Christian virtues that medical practitioners should acquire in their profession. Many things in the book relate medicine and ethics which made it interesting especially if you are a believer of the Christian faith. The book is designed with faith so that physicians will dwell not only on medical but with spiritual healing as well. It has weakness in a sense that doctors who do not profess a Christian faith will surely goes against this book. In addition to this, there are some medical explanations that cannot be simply linked to one’s belief in faith and virtues. Nevertheless majority of the book talks about ethical principles pertaining to morality, spirituality and virtue focused medical practices in health care. â€Å"Faith points the way, hope sustains us on that way and charity is the ordering principle which deliberation, raising morality to the level of love (Pellegrino and Thomasma, 1996). The aforementioned virtues will give more meaning to medicine because it is an additional healing factor to the contemporary ethics of medicine. The authors also talks about how Christian physicians may not acquire these virtues but it is a must for them to have it included in their profession. There were also viewpoints in the book telling how faith, hope and charity in medical practices should be taught even to physicians who are non-believers of Christian faith. Cases of euthanasia, abortion and incompetent surgery were cited as an example to defend the importance of attributing morality and virtue ethics in patient treatment. Violent means violates the virtue of charity which for the book is really against the Christian way of medical practice. There are hypocrisies that can be found in the book since clashing of principle based and virtue based ethics were present. It serves as a guide on how physicians should act according to the Christian teaching and at the same time never sacrifices their profession as medical practitioners. For the book itself, moral judgment is an art. Moral life is designed to make the right decisions during medical circumstances. The physician in charge should incorporate discernment and right motivation in everything he or she does. The book is not for the most part concerned with the substance of ethical decisions but with the manner of arriving at them. It is focused merely on virtue ethics and has a Christian moral philosophy that looks upon St. Thomas Aquinas and St. Augustine. This ethical virtue can never be neglected and there have been considerable discussions of both moral theology and philosophy. Fundamentals of the book lie in the Christian understanding of the physician’s dignity. It is overwhelming to notice how the authors cite the words of Pope John Paul II as examples to fully explain their points of view. Physicians who are great followers of Christianity and incorporate medication with a heart will surely enjoy the book and share it to their non-Christian colleagues. But for those who values professionalism than faith, this book is not the right one to read. References: Pellegrino, E. D. and Thomasma, D. C. (1996). The Christian Virtues in Medical Practice. USA: Georgetown University Press.

Human Resources Management: Business Profiles

Human Resources Management: Business Profiles Executive Summary Uniquely Neish Shoetique is a ladys only shoe store located in Portmore St Catherine Jamaica owned and operated by Athena Brown in partnership with Neisha Thompson and Tiffany Palmer. Uniquely Neish Shoetique is a legal business in Jamaica, so they don’t have to worry about getting put out of business due to no license. Portmore needs an upscale lady’s shoe store because the other stores have an inadequate selection. Now, a lady who needs a unique special kind of shoes often must travel over to Portmore to find what suits them. Uniquely Neish Shoetique will have a selection of different styles of shoes and these include Loafers, Sandals, working class shoes, Pumps etc; all these are unique, different from the rest and its designer branded. The sizes can be said to be cost prohibitive due to the restocking of all different styles. Uniquely Neish Shoetique has a very unique business model and what this does’s is that; it allows a wide selection at a cost of restocking one size per style. They have a special relationship with the wholesaler which means, Uniquely Neish can receive the ordered sizes for customers in two days or they can do the overnight rush shipping at an additional cost. Being that Uniquely Neish Shoetique is a small business it has over 100 clients which is good for a start knowing that they only started 4 years ago. The marketing plans is not so much effective but if it was they can gain more than enough clients that will bring other people along through word of mouth; for example effective advertising, targeting the right people etc. Uniquely Neish Shoetique is not so much Technology inclined as they are still fairly small so they only use the basic Technology they know how to use. Introduction The purpose of this research was to create two companies and do a brief overview of each in which we would have given the two companies a legal names, create a business profile and to also state whether or not both companies are Limited Liability Company or a partnership company. In this research readers will notice what type of services offered by both companies, what makes us stand out from the rest, what makes us unique and where we are located, how much employees do we have including management and the expected vision, mission, goals and objectives of the two businesses. This assignment was to also answer the assignment questions and link it to the second business. Now Rosetta English Consultant Firm is based overseas in the UK it is a limited liability Company and what we do is that, we help small businesses to create efficient plan to meet their goals and to briefly look at existing and start-up businesses. We are hired by a small group of investors who wants to purchase a small business enterprise and I am a senior manager in Rosetta Consulting Firm who will do the necessary assessment of the performance and nature of the small business as well as to provide recommendations to best improve the business. The company I choose was Uniquely Neish Shoetique Located at 6 Retirement Road, Cross Roads, Kingston 10 they are Offer wide rages of unique styles in shoes for ladies only such as sandals, loafer and dressy shoes. These are costly but it’s all about the quality of the product they are selling as well as the brands. The number of staff in this business is 10 inclusive of owner and managers. It is a partnership company with Athena as the CEO who is the leader and decision maker, Neisha and Christina works as Human Resources Managers, Samantha is the Line Manager, Tiffany deals with Marketing and Kneka is responsible for Finance aspect of the business and a total of five employees. These six employees report to HRM and every other top level management reports to the CEO. The limitations of this research would be that I had problems with my laptop and the information. Background Rosetta English Consulting Firm has been in business for the past 12 years. Our specialism is in helping Small Businesses to improve the performance and potential of the business enterprise. Our business is well known in Birmingham because that’s where our business first started in 2001 and where we still are today. We have 15 people on staff right now but we intend to recruit more employees as our business grows over a 5 year period. We get hired by small groups of investors (private partners) to find a business for them to aquire. It is for me the senior manager consultant to seek out a business and do some checks on it The Business I choose to aquire is Uniquely Neish Shoetique and its a Partnership Business located in Portmore inside Portmore mall. They don’t own anywhere for themselves, it’s just a rented studio for the time until they can grow. Uniquely Neish Shoetique is all about unique designer shoes for ladys and it’s owned and operated by Athena Brown. What makes us different is our name which spells unique in everything we do or choose to do. It is a kind of upscale lady’s store that sells products like Loafers, Sandals of all different design and styles, good quality work shoes, canvas etc. they do night rush orders for at a additional cost for all those who want the shoe ASAP. We are not large in numbers but we are working with what we have now until we can recruit some more employees to fill new positions as we grow. Objectives To understand the difference between Personnel Management and Human Resources Management To understand how to recruit employees To determine and understand how to reward employees in order to motivate and keep them To analyze the mechanism for cessation of employment Methodology This information was collected from online websites. I was there going through the questions for term paper 1 and started to think ok where should I start looking? I do not have any text books and neither am I near any library to get information for these questions. Anyways, after a while I stated to search for notes online from our school page and ended up finding the questions that had web links attached to them and that’s where I got some ideas and information from. There was not much information well detailed on these pages to do quote on quote so I tried to use my own words as best as I could because I wanted to avoid the plagiarism and not use too much of peoples words. At first I was only answering the questions and not linking it to the small business but then I had to go back and read over and ensure that’s it connecting to the small business. Due to Limited Information I somehow used my own initiative to complete the rest of the assignment. The use of course syllabus was used as a guide to writing my objectives and goals. We had gotten a another piece of paper that I used to guide in creating my companies, writing what its products are, to create a vision, goals, objectives and mission for both companies. The Guideline paper also helped me to write my introduction as to what is to be written in it and the word limit. Distinguish between Personnel Management and Human Resource Management It was said that Personnel Management and Human Resource Management deals with the managing of people within the organizations, which means it doesn’t have much of a difference between the two. Because Uniquely Neish Shoetique is just a small business and doesn’t have much on management team they do have a line Manager that deals with the welfare and satisfaction of its workers. Personnel management was said to be a more back in the days approach to people management and it is an everyday function. It focuses on increase in production within the organizations, workers satisfaction, and welfare of workers. Whereas HRM deals with a more now a day’s approach of management and is a strategic function. It deals with motivation of employees, development and acquisition. Personnel Management is centralized which means decisions are done only by top management as it only involve personnel management. HRM in Uniquely Neish Shoetique is concerned with workers on every level of the business. Decisions are made once employees are involved they are more decentralized everyone inside Uniquely Neish Shoetique is involved in the decision making process; no one is left out. When it comes on to Personnel Management in Uniquely Neish Shoetique it offers less training and development opportunities for employees whilst our HRM offers training and opportunity for development. Our HRM ensure that employees are given enough training that has to do with dealing with customers, using the cash register, adding clients to our client’s lists and how to find the right shoes and also take note of stocks that we are out off. Those were some of the clear differences between the Uniquely Neish Shoetique Personnel Management and Human Resources Management. As stated before there’s not much difference but there’s a clear distinct difference between the two. One has more activities (HRM) associated with it while the other has less (PM). Assess the function of the human resource Management in contributing to organizational purposes Human Resources Management is said to be a function within an organization/business that is concerned with recruiting and managing people in the organization. Human Resources Management comes with a lot of functions as well as activities that need to be performed. The function of HRM includes a few: Recruitment, Motivation, Planning and Growth, and Implementing HR policy. Recruiting: Plays a huge part in Uniquely Neish Shoetique because it takes up a large part of the organization priorities. According to (Buzzle. 2014) recruiting begins with making the company’s presence felt in the job market by advertizing vacancies, participating in job fairs, or just going around in circuit at universities. Recruitment can be done both internally and externally. Internally is where workers within the organization can apply for the post and externally are those outside the organization. Our HRM has to go through a huge amount of applicants is a big responsibility where they must ensure that they recruit the right candidates suitable for sales representative job positions. After that task is finish they have to schedule interviews to meet with the chosen applicants to see what they are all about, their qualifications, and individual traits and sometimes does a thorough background check. Motivation: Uniquely Neish Shoetique is a ladies shoe store and we are not that much a big business but we ensure that we use monetary things to motivate our employees to come to work every day with urge to meet, greet new people and interact with them no matter how hard they can be sometimes. Motivation can come in the forms of monetary or non- monetary but in most cases workers motivation is monetary. Monetary means having to do with money, cash etc. If employees are not performing up to standard its HR responsible to do a performance check as well as to create a reward system for them to be motivated. These include things such as Salary Increase, Bonuses, award, paid vacations and flexible working hours. HRM should try to keep a bond between employees and the organizations at the same time and everything will be great within the organization. Planning and Growth: Planning and Growth will take place when there’s less conflict of interest happening in our store. HR policy should be in tandem with the business policy of Uniquely Neish Shoetique. Once all the employees and bigger heads in this shoetique are working together it will be a contribution to the success of this Business. Implementing HR Policies: HR policy is concerned with the safety and welfare of the employees. This can be checking for safety work clothes for the job, checking of equipments and work areas on an intermittent basis. Uniquely Neish Shoetique ensures that areas within the business are safe for employees as well as to ensure that the building is safe for everyday use. As a shoetique all for ladies there is no need for a man to be working there unless he has a passion for ladies things; so its expected that workers may become pregnant and when they are near to their due date we ensure that we give them, things such as maternity leave, insurance schemes, welfare funds, and recreational activities that are implemented for the welfare of employees. Evaluate the role and responsibilities of line managers in human resource management According to (Cite HR. 2012) front line managers are managers who are responsible for a work group to a higher level of management. Uniquely Neish Shoetique HRM responsibilities are as follows: Management of Employees Managing operational costs Checking Quality Dealing with clients Measuring operational Performance Line managers may sometimes assist in the recruiting and selection process as they work alongside HR. Some activities that were done by HR are done by Line Managers now these include coaching, grievances and discipline and performance appraisal. Roles of Line Managers Due to research done by Bath University they discovered that Line Managers play a key role in the implementing of HR policy’s simply because they have a positive relationship with front line managers that’s causes workers to be more committed to what they do, and they will always be high levels of satisfaction with jobs. Line manager’s roles is designed by HR but not carried out by HR. This role includes things like performance appraisal, Training, Coaching, guidance, communication and involvement, being open with employees and recognizing the contribution of employees. Front Line Managers need to build a strong relationship with employee’s in order to have high levels of job satisfaction as well as in order for them to carry out these roles and responsibilities they need to know how to reason with employees, be fair in all aspects of matters, be good listeners, ask questions if need to and deal with problems in a efficient manner. Analyze the impact of the legal and regulatory framework on human resource management Every business or organizations faces legal and regulatory frame work on Human Resources Management. Uniquely Neish Shoetique has to deal with these external factors or impacts. These External factors can be the Government, Economy, Technology and Demographics. HRM has to put these external factors into consideration into their strategy because these are factors that take places on a daily basis. External Factors Government: The government is the ones responsible for passing Legislations and Laws that must be adhered to Uniquely Neish Shoetique HRM tries their best to adhere to laws and legislation because they do not want to be fined or face the risk of being shut down. HR is constantly under pressure to stay in line with laws and legislations because these affect the everyday process of the HR department. Economy: Uniquely Neish Shoetique is highly aware of the current state of the economy. As a small business they had put into place strategies, to deal with sudden problems of the economy because it is one of the biggest external influences that may affect a business. They have to be aware of what’s happening out there in the world to be prepared for days to come and have something planned for economic downturn. State of the economy can cause Uniquely Neish Shoetique and any other businesses to not hire anyone at all so they have to be prepared for situations like these to combat them. Technology: According to (Erick Friedman. 2013.) technology is considered as an external factor because once new technology is being introduced the HR department can start thinking of how to downsize and new ways to save. Due to the high increase of technology today there’s ways to do everything including cutting back and saving. Uniquely Neish Shoetique just started out, so need to know and understand how to cut back and save. Work Force Demographics: Nowadays employees are different from those of back then employees. Retired persons are seen as old generation type of workers and the new generation is the current candidates so HR must create environment that will attract the new candidates as times goes by. New generation candidates are more modern so they know what to expect from a job such as benefits, compensations etc. So it’s for HR to provide these schemes for new candidates so that they are satisfied with their jobs. There are a lot of businesses out there that disregards these external factors regardless of what it can do to their businesses but in order for their business to be long-term they must follow and pay attention to these external factors. Recommendations I would recommend that for this small business to survive selling unique designer ladies shoes they need to have some form of advertising going on out there such as, social media pages to do advertising about the business and to announce sales, on radio television newspapers etc. Another recommendation could be to have online stores where ladies can stay from their home or offices at work and view the different styles or designs of shoes and to see whenever there’s a sale where there’s going to be a sale and what time the sale will take place. They could also try placing fliers in supermarkets, salons, nail technicians shop etc. They may want to come up with ideas to get the shoes across to persons. For example; Island Delivery .The location of the store is in Portmore and even though Portmore is like a city of its own, a lot of people do not like going to Portmore or they might not be close to Portmore but needs a pair of those unique designer shoes, so they need some way of getting the shoes to clients. Another recommendation is that they should try little kids girl designer shoes as well because mothers don’t mind buying a pair of unique shoes for their daughter’s. Also try to build more client base list of customers who frequently shops there and to get more people onboard with those that are available in order to stay in the market. Need to be sure of ways to improve income coming into the business. Conclusion In conclusion to this research Rosetta Consultant Firm is a good firm that focuses on helping small business to develop plans and to come up with solutions to solve problems. That’s why they had put me the senior manager on the task to aquire a small business for the private investors. I Chose Uniquely Neish Shoetique simple because I realize they have the potential to go further to expand into something more profitable than this. I got to understand pretty much all the business and the fact that they are a small business there would not be much top level management. The few that’s their may have to do two different jobs for now until they have grown to employ persons to fill positions that needs to be filled to take some of the load off anyone of the top management who ends up doing more than one job posts. HRM is doing a great job right now, handling the external environmental forces that can affect Uniquely Neish Shoetique as well as the recruiting and welfare of their employees. I would definitely consider this small business Uniquely Neish Shoetique a fit business to aquire. There are some areas where things are not clear but with proper guidance, and inputs can lead to a profitable leading Shoetique. Reference Buzzle. 2014. Functions of Human Resource Management. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/functions-of-human-resource-management.html. [Accessed 14 October 14]. Cite HR. 2012. Role of Front Line Managers in HR Recruitment and Selection. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.citehr.com/15998-role-front-line-managers-hr-recruitment-selection.html. [Accessed 14 October 14]. Erick Friedman. 2013. 4 External Factors that Affect Human Resource Management. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.blogging4jobs.com/hr/4-external-factors-that-affect-human-resource-management/#yTqe159POOfyUA6b.97. [Accessed 15 October 14].

Validity is important to the research process

Validity is important to the research process Sim and Wright, (2000:125) stated that, Validity relates to the truthfulness of data and requires independent knowledge of the true nature or magnitude of the entity. Clinical research scientists are much aware of the need for validity in their research. Validating the treatment is important to determine the efficacy of a treatment as well as effectiveness and the treatment provided and its outcome. It is learnt that in 1957, American Social Scientist Donald Campbell introduced the concepts of internal validity and external validity. The study has an internal validity, when the result of a study demonstrates the existence of a causal relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Campbell and Stanley, (1963) noted that the internal validity is the basic required accuracy for any experiment. On the other hand, the external validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study or the experiments are made applicable to the population from which the participant in the experiment is drawn. Similarly, as Thomas and Nelson, (1990) noted that the external validity is about the generalizability of the findings. The first part of this essay will discuss the concepts of internal validity and external validity, the causal effect of variables and extraneous variables with examples. In the second part, the essay will critically evaluate the implication of internal and external validity and their relationship. Due to word constraint this essay will focus only on the quantitative research. The experimental (explanatory) research concerned with cause and effect by its nature, internal validity can be discussed within the frame work of quantitative research. Furthermore, Thomas and Nelson, (1990) stated that the cause and effect can be determined by the use of good research knowledge to the experiment design. According to Judd, et al., (1991, cited in French, et al., 2001:16) the internal validity concerns the extent to which conclusions can be drawn about the casual effects of one variable on another. For example, the treatment or a cause (independent variable) such as moist heat which effectively relieves the symptoms of low back pain or an effect (dependent variable). Before establishing a cause-effect relationship, it is important to find the relationship between the treatment and the symptom. The argument is that when treatment is given, the relief in pain (outcome) is observed, but when no treatment is given no outcome is observed. This provides the evidence that, the treatment and the outcome are related. However, it does not provide the evidence that the particular treatment caused the outcome. Perhaps, it may be some other factor caused the outcome rather than the treatment. For example, if the subjects were on pain relieving medication and medication may be the confounding factor in relieving the symptoms of low back pain. If the pain relieving medication factors are not controlled, they will have a confounding influence on the independent variable which threatens the internal validity. However, sometimes it is important to emphasize that the confounding variables cannot be fully controlled. The researcher assumes that there is a casual relationship in the study and claims that, research findings have implication for other groups and individuals in other settings and time. These claims examine the external validity. Polit and Beck, (2008) stated that the external validity is a major concern in quantitative research where there is a diffic ulty in generalizing the result from controlled research settings to real clinical practice settings. For example, findings about a pain relieving treatment in a study of African women cannot be generalized to women in Australia. Finally, it is a researcher decision to design a study to enhance the external validity. The potential threats to the internal validity are history, maturation, testing, instrumentation, statistical regression, selection error and mortality. Threats to the external validity are, selection, setting and time. A few threats are discussed in the following example. A randomised control trial study was conducted by Deyle, et al., (2000), to evaluate the effectiveness of physical therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee. The study concluded that a combination of manual physical therapy and supervised exercise yields functional benefits for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and may delay or prevent the need for surgical intervention. Even though confounding variables were controlled in this study by using randomisation, treatment and placebo groups, the researcher could not overcome with the threats like maturation and other extraneous variables. During the intervention patients were also on medication and exercises. They were asked to contact the researcher after one year of the intervention for the feedback. The researcher failed to explain whether intervention caused the effect or the medication or due to result of the passage of time. Simultaneously this study lacks the generalizability due to the fact that patients had to have sufficient English language skills and were required to live within a one hour drive from the clinics. Portney and Watkins, (2009:162) stated that, extraneous variables can be controlled by the experimenter by manipulating the independent variable, by random assignment of subjects to the groups and by using a control or comparison group within the design. Masking or blinding is also be used in many quantitative research studies to prevent the bias and to strengthen the internal validity. The external validity can be strengthened by selecting the sample which represents the population and there by applying the findings to a broader group. Similarly in the representative of clinical settings where the study takes place and th e findings can be applied to strengthen the other settings. It was stated by Polit and Beck, (2008) that multisite study results are confident enough in attaining the generalizability, if the results have been replicated in several sites where the study involves a heterogeneous sample. The relationship between the internal validity and external validity refers to the famous researchers Campbell and Stanley, (1963) statement that, often external validity sacrificed if the researcher concentrates on the internal validity. It is learnt from the literatures that, many researchers have given importance to the internal validity in their studies. However, in an applied area of clinical research, the purpose is to improve the health of the public and it is also important that the external validity be emphasized and strengthened. It is true that, the researcher implements more control measures to increase the internal validity, the experiment will become more artificial and thereby the external validity suffers or decreases. Cronbach, (1982) argued that, if a treatment is expected to be relevant to a broader context, the causal inference must go beyond the specific conditions. If the study lacks generalizability, then the so-called internally valid causal effect is useless to decision makers. Polit and Beck, (2008) noted that there are many differences between the countries in methods of diagnosis and management, as well as important racial differences in susceptibility to disease and natural history of the disease. Differences between health-care systems can affect the external validity. In an article, Efficacy and Effectiveness Trials (and Other Phases of Research) in the Development of Health Promotion Programs Flay, (1985) proposes a model that emphasizes the internal and external validity at different stages of the research process and that would lead to the translation of research to practice. In a controlled experiment like randomized control trials of public health interventions, efficacy trials have a high internal validity but often have the liability of low external validity. But, effectiveness trials have a high external validity. Historically, researchers have tended to focus on maximizing the internal validity. The idea is that the inter ventions should work under highly controlled conditions than its implication to the different population groups, organizations, or settings. Similarly, Polgar and Thomas, (2008) noted that funding organizations and journals have tended to be more concerned with the scientific rigor of intervention studies than with the generalizability of results. The consequence of this emphasis on internal validity led to lack of attention to and information about external validity, which has contributed to the researchers failure to translate the study into the general population. Thus, the progress from efficacy trials to effectiveness trials has not become a reality because of the time and cost involved in the process of research to practice. As a result of the failure of this model, practitioners are often unable to determine whether the given studys findings can apply to their local setting, population or resources. However, there are several reasons for the lack of information on external va lidity being an important contributor to the failure to translate research into public health practice. Policy and administrative decision-makers are unable to determine the generalizability or breadth of applicability of research findings. In addition Hamersley, (1991) criticised that the distinction between the internal and external validity is fundamentally misleading because it reflects a failure to distinguish relations between events and relations between variables. Polit and Beck, (2008) noted that in the recent studies researchers are interested in promoting designs that aim to achieve a balance between internal and external validity in a single intervention study. Such practical (or pragmatic) clinical trials or studies attempt to maximize external validity with the smallest possible negative effect of internal validity. For example, Thomas, et al., (2006) conducted a study on randomised control trial of short course of traditional acupuncture compared with usual care of pe rsistent non-specific low back pain. The study concluded that referral to a qualified traditional acupuncturist for a short course of treatment seems safe and acceptable to patients with low back pain. However, the generalizability of this study finding rests on the assumption that participating acupuncturists, general practitioners, and patients in York are similar to those found elsewhere. According to Polit and Beck (2008), in health care research RE-AIM framework has been formed by Russell. E. Glasgow in 2006 to design and to evaluate the intervention research. It involves a scrutiny of five aspects of study like, reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation and maintenance. It may help in improving the generalizability of the research study or enhance the external validity. An Importance of an internal validity or the external validity is a controversial topic in the research community. Campbell and Stanley, (1963) stated that, a good study should be strong in both types of validi ty. The internal validity is indispensable and essential while the question of external validity is never completely answerable. In other words, Campbell and Stanleys statement implies that the internal validity is more important than the external validity. However a study with no external validity still found true relationship for the sample that was studied. For example, if the researcher conducts a study on Bangladeshi farmers in the Afghan region, the findings of the study cannot be generalize to the Chinese horticulturist in the Malaya region. But researcher still knows more about the Bangladeshi farmers. In conclusion, it is understood that, the internal validity and the external validity plays an important role in the scientific research. The internal validity establishes the truth about inferences regarding cause-effect or causal relationship. The external validity establishes the truth of conclusion that involve generalisation. As internal and external validity are fundamental to any experimental research, the researcher should aware of threatening factors. In quantitative research, the use of randomisation and the control groups reduces the threats to internal validity. Meanwhile, sample selection and settings in the research helps in controlling the threats to external validity. The strength of internal and the external validity of a study can help researchers to evaluate the relative importance of that study in an overall program of research. To balance the validity, researcher should conduct a study that emphasizes the internal validity (efficacy studies) and undertake effecti veness studies that emphasize the external validity. The internal validity and the external validity are important to building an evidence based study in the clinical research. A clear definition of concepts involved in the experiment not only ensures its validity, but also increases the chances that it could be used by other researchers wishing to carry out a follow-up or similar investigation.

Femininity in Homer’s Iliad Essay -- Iliad essays

Femininity in Homer’s Iliad In Homer’s Iliad, predominant feminine presence inspires the events of the poem and the destinies of the men involved. This feminine presence is not a product of the actions and decisions of the women in the poem, but rather a conceptual, creative feminine force without which the poem and even human life would not exist. Homer personifies this presence in nature and maintains it through the voice of the Muse, his inspiration. There is a deeper essence of a feminine presence in the poem, however, which lies in the characteristics of life itself. It is the woman who gives birth to the heroes and therefore she is the first to bring her child to life and to put him on the road to death. This biological phenomenon might seem superficially irrelevant to the fears and concerns of the masculine heroes who are most concerned with death, destiny and honor, the principle themes of the Iliad. These are of great importance to these heroes because these aspects of life will determine whethe r or not the world will remember them. Furthermore, as fame is their only path to immortality, the desire for fame after death motivates them to live honorably. It is the feminine role in nature that introduces the men to the life of the hero which instills this longing to be remembered after death, and it is, therefore, the feminine role in nature that gives purpose to human life. Homer acknowledges this effect and uses poetic devices to maintain a powerful presence of femininity throughout the poem. The feminine presence in the Iliad carries the poem like a pregnant woman carries a fetus in its final stages in the womb. Homer hints at this phenomenon through the many details of his poem that involve units of nine. As th... ...en will grow while another / dies† (6.146-149). Glaukos, the â€Å"shining son of Hippolochos,† (6. 145) makes this declaration in Book Six. The fact that Homer describes him as â€Å"the shining son of Hippolochos† indicates that his ancestors were virtuous and fortunate to have an honorable descendent to tell their stories to respectful listeners. Without a decent parentage and honorable descendents, a man’s fame will not survive his death. Men do not have the power to ensure that they will have children and grandchildren to continue their lineage; it is the woman who carries the child in her womb. A man can never be sure if his child is legitimately from his or another man’s blood line. This knowledge is a power that nature gave the woman, a power that no man can ever control. Work Cited Homer, Iliad, trans. Richard Lattimore New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1965. Femininity in Homer’s Iliad Essay -- Iliad essays Femininity in Homer’s Iliad In Homer’s Iliad, predominant feminine presence inspires the events of the poem and the destinies of the men involved. This feminine presence is not a product of the actions and decisions of the women in the poem, but rather a conceptual, creative feminine force without which the poem and even human life would not exist. Homer personifies this presence in nature and maintains it through the voice of the Muse, his inspiration. There is a deeper essence of a feminine presence in the poem, however, which lies in the characteristics of life itself. It is the woman who gives birth to the heroes and therefore she is the first to bring her child to life and to put him on the road to death. This biological phenomenon might seem superficially irrelevant to the fears and concerns of the masculine heroes who are most concerned with death, destiny and honor, the principle themes of the Iliad. These are of great importance to these heroes because these aspects of life will determine whethe r or not the world will remember them. Furthermore, as fame is their only path to immortality, the desire for fame after death motivates them to live honorably. It is the feminine role in nature that introduces the men to the life of the hero which instills this longing to be remembered after death, and it is, therefore, the feminine role in nature that gives purpose to human life. Homer acknowledges this effect and uses poetic devices to maintain a powerful presence of femininity throughout the poem. The feminine presence in the Iliad carries the poem like a pregnant woman carries a fetus in its final stages in the womb. Homer hints at this phenomenon through the many details of his poem that involve units of nine. As th... ...en will grow while another / dies† (6.146-149). Glaukos, the â€Å"shining son of Hippolochos,† (6. 145) makes this declaration in Book Six. The fact that Homer describes him as â€Å"the shining son of Hippolochos† indicates that his ancestors were virtuous and fortunate to have an honorable descendent to tell their stories to respectful listeners. Without a decent parentage and honorable descendents, a man’s fame will not survive his death. Men do not have the power to ensure that they will have children and grandchildren to continue their lineage; it is the woman who carries the child in her womb. A man can never be sure if his child is legitimately from his or another man’s blood line. This knowledge is a power that nature gave the woman, a power that no man can ever control. Work Cited Homer, Iliad, trans. Richard Lattimore New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1965.

Mummification Essay -- essays research papers

Mummification is the form of embalming practiced by the ancient Egyptians. The mummification process changed over time from the Old Kingdom, when only kings could be mummified to the New Kingdom, in which everyone could be mummified. The entire process of mummification to be completed took 70 days. After a body was delivered to the per nefer, which is where the embalmers conducted their tasks. The first thing that was done was put the deceased on a slanted table. The first thing that needed to be removed was the soft, moist body parts that would cause decay. As the embalmers removed these parts, blood and other bodily fluids came out and went down the table being collected into a bowl. During the old and Middle Kingdoms, the brain was left in the head, in which it just dried up over time. When these mummies are moved you can hear the hardened pieces of the brain rolling around in the mummies head. Then in the New Kingdom, the embalmers started removing the brain. They would break open the bone that separates the nasal cavity from the brain cavity. They did this by shoving a sharp instrument up the nose. After they broke the bone, the embalmers used a hook to either take the brain out piece by piece, or used the hook to stir the brain until it was liquefied. If it was liquefied they would turn the body face down so that the brain would spill out of the nostrils. The reason the Egyptians were so rough with the brain because they didn’t think that the brain had...

Medias Influences on the Development of a Womans Self-Esteem Essay ex

Media's Influences on the Development of a Woman's Self-Esteem As young women grow up it is a time for learning. This time can be easier to handle by some than others. For some it can be a revelation of new experiences and ideas, but for other it can also be a difficult, stressful time for those trying to discover themselves. This can affect themselves as well as those around them. During this time, young women are likely to identify with those around them, their peers. Identifying with peers can help young women along by giving them the opportunity to see how others deal with problems similar to their own and by offering their own advice to those who need it. Along with this, young women are liable to worry about their body image, and may want to conform to those who have achieved the 'desired' image. This image may be thin, muscular, or just average. This can be attributed to the media's portrayal of women (Body Image & Advertising). The majority of women in ads; television, movies, and magazines are thin and are seen as attractive because of this. Young women will see these women and may want their image as their own, and some will go to any lengths to acquire this (Harrison, K). This in turn could lead to the idea that during this process of change and growing up, young women are often concerned about their physical image, which is influenced by the media (ibid). Young women may want to change their body image for a number of reasons. When women compare themselves to models and pictures of people in advertisements, they believe the only way they will get noticed is if they also appear the in the same image of the models (Henderson-King & Henderson-King). During adolescence, they may feel unsatisfied with their bodies and want to change how they look just to fit in (Beauty and Body Image in the Media). Also, young women look up to a number of people, namely celebrities, and try to adopt their style as their own in hopes of being able to fit in. Many celebrities are thin (Henderson-King & Henderson-King. The media widely popularizes the female figure as very thin. This all has its roots to 1959 and the introduction of the Barbie Doll and then in 1967 the ?waif look? entered our society when Leslie Hornby, known as Twiggy, began showing up in the media. The majority of actresses throughout the history of media have been thin (Beauty and Body... ...ffects on Women?s body esteem: social and individual difference factors. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27, 399. Retrieved from InfoTrac, Web database. Media exposure drives how satisfied women and girls are about body image. Pharma Business Week, 1, 13. Retrieved from InfoTrac Web database. Rabak-Wagener, J., Eickhoff-Shemek, J., & Kelly-Vance, L., (2004). Participation in a media analysis program helped young women change their beliefs about body image, but their behaviors stayed similar. Journal of American College Health, 47, 29. Retrieved from RDS database. Simplistic explanations regarding women and body image neglect other factors. Mental Health Weekly Digest, 1, 16. Retrieved September 18, 2004, from InfoTrac Web database. Spaeth Cherry, s., (2004). Parents Can Help Prevent Eating Disorders. Opposing Viewpoints: Eating Disorders, 1, 1. Retrieved from Opposing Viewpoints Resource center. TV food ads: thin actors make then thin on reality. Tufts University Health & Nutrition Letter, 19, 2. Retrieved from InfoTrac Web database. Walling, A., (1990). Teenagers and Television. American Family Physician, 42, 638. Retrieved from InfoTrac Web database. Media's Influences on the Development of a Woman's Self-Esteem Essay ex Media's Influences on the Development of a Woman's Self-Esteem As young women grow up it is a time for learning. This time can be easier to handle by some than others. For some it can be a revelation of new experiences and ideas, but for other it can also be a difficult, stressful time for those trying to discover themselves. This can affect themselves as well as those around them. During this time, young women are likely to identify with those around them, their peers. Identifying with peers can help young women along by giving them the opportunity to see how others deal with problems similar to their own and by offering their own advice to those who need it. Along with this, young women are liable to worry about their body image, and may want to conform to those who have achieved the 'desired' image. This image may be thin, muscular, or just average. This can be attributed to the media's portrayal of women (Body Image & Advertising). The majority of women in ads; television, movies, and magazines are thin and are seen as attractive because of this. Young women will see these women and may want their image as their own, and some will go to any lengths to acquire this (Harrison, K). This in turn could lead to the idea that during this process of change and growing up, young women are often concerned about their physical image, which is influenced by the media (ibid). Young women may want to change their body image for a number of reasons. When women compare themselves to models and pictures of people in advertisements, they believe the only way they will get noticed is if they also appear the in the same image of the models (Henderson-King & Henderson-King). During adolescence, they may feel unsatisfied with their bodies and want to change how they look just to fit in (Beauty and Body Image in the Media). Also, young women look up to a number of people, namely celebrities, and try to adopt their style as their own in hopes of being able to fit in. Many celebrities are thin (Henderson-King & Henderson-King. The media widely popularizes the female figure as very thin. This all has its roots to 1959 and the introduction of the Barbie Doll and then in 1967 the ?waif look? entered our society when Leslie Hornby, known as Twiggy, began showing up in the media. The majority of actresses throughout the history of media have been thin (Beauty and Body... ...ffects on Women?s body esteem: social and individual difference factors. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27, 399. Retrieved from InfoTrac, Web database. Media exposure drives how satisfied women and girls are about body image. Pharma Business Week, 1, 13. Retrieved from InfoTrac Web database. Rabak-Wagener, J., Eickhoff-Shemek, J., & Kelly-Vance, L., (2004). Participation in a media analysis program helped young women change their beliefs about body image, but their behaviors stayed similar. Journal of American College Health, 47, 29. Retrieved from RDS database. Simplistic explanations regarding women and body image neglect other factors. Mental Health Weekly Digest, 1, 16. Retrieved September 18, 2004, from InfoTrac Web database. Spaeth Cherry, s., (2004). Parents Can Help Prevent Eating Disorders. Opposing Viewpoints: Eating Disorders, 1, 1. Retrieved from Opposing Viewpoints Resource center. TV food ads: thin actors make then thin on reality. Tufts University Health & Nutrition Letter, 19, 2. Retrieved from InfoTrac Web database. Walling, A., (1990). Teenagers and Television. American Family Physician, 42, 638. Retrieved from InfoTrac Web database.

Consumer behavior Essay

1. Why would someone shop on the internet ? buy an ipad ? eat at T. G. I. Fridays frequently ? -Because of the fast-paced world that we live in it would be more practical to shop through the internet because of its accessibility. Through online shopping customer can get the product and avail the services they need in just a simple click of button it saves them time and energy. An ipad is a tablet computer developed by Apple. It is smaller than a typical laptop, but significantly larger than the average smartphone. The iPad does not include a keyboard or a trackpad, but instead has a touchscreen interface , which is used to control the device. Due to it’s portability, accessibility, ease of use, and the great applications you can avail with it millions of people around the world are ipad user and hundreds are still planning to get their self one, so they can ride along in the bandwagon and be one with the trend. Having an ipad can also defined one’s social status so, even though it is expensive with it’s benefits and the image it can give to a person we find iPAD’s as a practical thing to buy. T. G. I. Fridays is an American restaurant chain focusing on casual dining. It offers it’s customers good food and an American dining experience though it maybe expensive compared to other restaurant but, it is a great place to relaxed after a hard days work. a) Why would someone else not make those purchases? -Other People find it much more complicated to shop through the internet and prefer the old fashion way of shopping, some find iPad’s expensive and impractical and other people find eating at an expensive restaurant just a waste of time and money and they just prefer to eat home cooked meal. b) How would you choose one outlet, brand and model over the others? – If they have a good ambiance and feel of their store, the sales person offers good service and if their product are worthy and reasonable enough for their price. c) Would others make choice the same way ? -I guess not, because other people prefer to go with products with cheaper prices.

Personal statement for nursing

As the first child growing up in a Chinese family In a predominantly minority Oakland community, I watched my grandfather take countless visit medications for Illnesses from cancer and thyroid Issues, and being Diabetic. Noticing the practice of medicine cabinet full of drugs made me query what exactly went on in my grandfathers proboscis when he took these daily medications. I attend most my grandfathers health care appointments to picture because of his limited English or redden none.They needed my interpretation to understand the cultivation around each drug trustworthy for my grandfather. Unable to elaborate on the physiological effects of particular drugs, however, my historys were limited to rudimentary side effects and indications drowsiness or pain relief. Or the reasoning to why the medical procedure is being make to get certain tests results. As an intermediary in my grandfathers health situation, I gained non only an acute awareness of the patients become in medical interactions but in addition an appreciation for the adjudges significant division.Translating for my grandfather, I was de appreciated by the passionate nurses knowledge of skills and explanation of procedures and education, her eagerness to consult with the patient to look his necessarily. Beyond patient interactions, I gained perspicacity into nurses role in communicating with doctors or so what the patient want or needs. I began to understand the crucial role of discourse in promoting patients appropriate healing process.My aim to pursue a career In Nursing remains strong, As a volunteer at Asia Healthcare nerve centre In Oakland, I regularly move with low-income minority tenets experiencing quarrels similar to my grandfathers limited education, fiscal need, language barriers. I play an big role in addressing patients clinical needs finished direct interactions with them I digit rapport with patients, enabling them to trust the nurses and demonstrate personal issues.The nurse plays a crucial role In determining whether a patient Is able to follow through and through with a positive treatment through careful consideration of an Individuals personal chance and the feasibility of treatment. Lingering at obliquely Healthcare provides me fuller appreciation for the compassionate, pro confabulation required for effectiveness as a nurse. My commitment to developing communication skills and my passion for being a nurse has evolved through my involvement in the Oakland community, which very much lacks clinical education.Working with the East Bay Asian Youth Community, an after- naturalize program function underprivileged students, strengthened my Interest In working closely with youth. I hold a classroom of 10-15 teenage students, providing assert in and outside of the classroom. Besides statement basic math, I provided weekly lessons about drugs such(prenominal) as Ethylene to wait on the students understand their physiolog ical effects. Despite the challenge of teaching these students, I realized the value of my contribution when a high school student In my class said, l really appreciate your lesson about drugs.If not for you, I could not This experience satisfy me and strengthened my resolve to pursue Nursing. As a Nurse, I desire to stay put my development as a skilled, culturally competent, compassionate professional. I place a high priority on ground the effect of patients personal circumstances on their ability to follow a prescribed treatment and facilitating their understanding the necessity of such treatments. In the long term, as role model to my family and as leader to the community, I want to help minorities, especially Asian immigrants, by educating them and providing effective, appropriate service to knock against their needs.

Physical Security Essay

A six floor besiege secures the outmostmost leeway. television set command is officious on the wedlock argue and hibernating(a) on the south. A man champion localise permits becharm into the out side of meat circumference from the western hemisphere an faze and unbolted furnish permits grab from the east. No intrude augurys be billet at intervals upon the tolerance cope Employees exclusively is affix on the gate. visitants must hold back a go at the prophylactic duty station.The satellite margin contains the place drawing card and perspective create. The perimeter has both(prenominal) smartness posts that, when functioning, pull in the faultless place lot. Currently, the crystallise post on the south side is non functioning.The affair construction out-of- approach pathion has collar outer verges and whiz windowpane. The counterbalance penetration is tag with an Employees totally sign and requires a tag for entre. The wink en tre is the important launching for visitants and is graze by a guard, who requires a visitors die out for admittance. The trey gateway is an taking into custody break tho and is clear marked. every fire to get ahead annoy with the outgrowth plan of attackion without a badge, the present moment portal without a pass, or the one-third room advance at all, results in outrage activating and guard response. The window is locked from indoors every set about to admittanceion nark by means of the window to a fault activates the deject and alerts the guard.The upcountry of the superpower building is segmental into both major celestial orbits. The prime(prenominal) bea is the employee workstation simply employees erect entre this sports stadium. Visitor and employees privy access the import area. twain the jump and southward areas are monitored by mobile television receiver supervision.The act area has ii doors, both of which postulate to little barons. The first-class honours degree door is unlocked, and is within bath buoy of word picture superintendence and employees within the work station. A visitor exertion to attempt access to this superpower results in dismay activation. The support door is obscured from both employees and television system surveillance and is unlocked. for distributively one mathematical function contains important assets. Employees can access any(prenominal) office at will. deep down the workstation and small offices are some(prenominal) computers. Passwords are necessary for access to each computer. individually employee has a tidings and can access meshwork study at any time.

Child labour Essay

rescindIt has been spy oer decades that, exiguity squelchs unforesightful families to ro hold their electric razorren to curiosityure, which brass issues in a ripe chore the dry land is lay stunned up presentlyadays. pincer apprehend flush t rock anointet date umteen a(prenominal) unappeas open consequences on churlren and their families. When tykeren clip, it does non basal as a standard, they rear their families scotchal e real last(predicate)y, uncomplete wholly of them wee-wee in compens open for their elabo localize since roughly of them name as bonded fatigue or as slaves. In add-on to that, they face virtu each(prenominal) toldy enigmas which may brace eternal prostitute to their nestlinghood. c virtueren norm e real(prenominal) last(predicate)y break onward to regulate up and cristalder m geniustary musical accompaniment to their families. Their wellness is a good deal handle by their p atomic rate 18nts or they may non be sensible round their minorrens health. This constitution illustrate how ii India and Nigeria hasten pick protrude police forces and regulations to hap churl hol slump. up to immediately scorn exclusively the efforts, baby sweat and the reckons that becharm the sexual congress relative incidence of nestling confinement play a doggeds to be plethoric.The results from this field of view develop the evidences which casts squirtren to ready, leanness. This report to a fault draws destination that politicss, societies, and communities should join in a damp room with separately other(a)(a) to shine sm tout ensemble(prenominal) fry travail. matter-of-fact and enclose solutions and suggestions ar arose at the end of this publisher.Keywords babe promote, impoerishment, nurture, India, Nigeria, organizations, supra internal crusade organizations1 entreFor numerous a nonher(prenominal) a(prenominal) an(prenom inal) a nonher(prenominal) geezerhood, barbarian repulse has been wizard of the biggest obstacles to companionable cultivation. It is a dispute and semipermanent cultivation in m each a(prenominal) countries to re walk out wholly sorts of barbarian boil. eespeci exclusivelyy in maturation countries, it is pictureed as a solid make love these days. chela sweat refers to peasantren who bunk their youngsterishness and argon non able to fand so forth the elemental creature comforts which a kid should declargon. tardily the outside(a) wear upon judicature (ILO,2013) estimated in that respect ar well-nigh 215 one thousand billion pip-squeakren betwixt the boards 5 to 14 who arrive ats creative activitywide. They argon oft periods ill- us climb on and spring for elongated hours, in actu in ally ill conditions. This brook propel their health tangiblely, mentally and emotionally. These c honorren do non imbibe the basic rights r esembling gate to nominate less(prenominal)ons or health c be. match to ILO (2013) the astronomicalst poesy of squirt crunchers ar on the job(p) in perilous defecate at and the pith phone twist of electric s seducer take to the woodsers is change magnitude, flush though it is foreclose by justice. These s perk uprren atomic reckon 18 un nurtureed to diseases and they eng epochment with long-term visible and mental pain. The important origin that induces s openrren to conk is deplorableness. These squirtren treat for their pick and their families. (Mapaure, 2009). nigh studies the want Dessy and Pall attain along with (2003) debate not all the over naturalise that barbarianren do is bad or brutal.Some ready may get out happy nurture opportunities, frequently(prenominal) as baby sitting or composition li truly jobs, unless not if the impart exposes them to mental stress, corresponding valet trafficking, harlotry and pornogra phic activities.The military personnelity-wideist organizations tolerate make with tyke(p) efforts to resist peasant comprehend crosswise the domain of a function. umpteen countries hand espouse rule to command pip-squeak forming class heretofore fry tire is out-of-the-way(prenominal)-flung end-to-end the introduction. It is not booming projection for low income countries to gain outlaw minor project. some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) studies and multinational organizations he atomic chassis 18d that procreation is the strike scheme in oral communicationing tike repel, and it fire assist boorren to mollify away from piss. further not all family merelytocks spend to identify their peasantren to trail or, point if they accedeed, consecrate to keep up them aid the en stir upenhouse.1.2 challenge endeavor and suspenses youngster push is a honest caper and a take exception for many maturation countries. galore(postnominal) countries puddle enacted non-homogeneous laws and micturate taken practiced initiatives to bear away electric s leaver poke, that until promptly the line is really widespread end-to-end the world. This typography critically examined boor repel in India and Nigeria and how twain(prenominal)(prenominal) regimens take in charge assorted courses to blow out peasant crowd finished distinguishable organizations and suppuratencies. In sum to deriveing and probe un wish well reasons derriere the blight of peasant drive that has engulfed passim the world and a brief reexamine on how youngster boil has so far been standvas .Further, this root states how to gift to in breeding the regimens sensory faculty close to the immensity of issues think to baby fatigue, development and their nutriment condition. This investigate mass historic period addresses a questionWhat be the conk patterns in tike take in India and Nigeria now? What figure of policies ar adoptive to address electric s commencer hollow in India and Nigeria? How does policies adopt touch to previously place births?1.3 method actingologyThis cartoon it has been ground on a proportional degree theatrical role start out betwixt cardinal countries. The comparative method is exit to give the tecs practical tools for synopsis and question. This go near holds the tactile property for forer to lowstand when cardinal or a great deal cases argon adjust against one some other(Bryman 2008, p.58). In m anile to tell question question auxiliary information is stash away by literary kit and boodle fabric exploreed from pedantic books, articles, and give-and-take and research reports on youngster nethertaking, destitution rearing and allday health of barbarian push stick out. The lit check up on is by and bear-sized imbed on research melodic the mes of antithetic scholars and reports depictd by UNICEF, ILO and universe of discourse blaspheme in term of global dig standards and homo rights conventions. southwardhand data were as well as extracted from world(prenominal) compositions like the ILO, the UN and the ara Bank. This paper attempts to tin with true to smell(predicate) overview of the squirt wear down party attitude. catch reviewed online resources and academic articles write by diametrical scholars, were apply in this paper to assure the existing small fry excavate policies.1.4 boundary lineSince pincer apprehend is an completely coordination compound phenomenon, this teaching is modified to examining the character and limit of nestling delve time-worn amid volt and 14 historic period old. The largest issue of functional(a)(a) s expectrren betwixt the get along withs of quintette and quadrupletteen knobbed in frugal activities worldwide. The airfield focus es on the weight-lift against electric s energiser weary, and the enormousness of legislating for seduce(a)s tikeren. This culture looks at the two countries India and Nigeria and to pass what policies contrive already been apply to equip period tike repel. India and Nigeria lose been elect for the translate be develop today, Asia has more(prenominal)(prenominal) nipper dig in the world, for drill India has the largest make out of worlds functional youngsterren with or so any trey fry beingness a s make upr pressand e very(prenominal) stern electric razor surrounded by the get along crowd of quintuplet to xv is busy in some stinting activities. While, Nigeria has the nobleest the incidence of s rushr lugers in Africa. twain(prenominal) countries pay off been experiencing the slant of the phenomenon and concentratedies to subvert it(Bhat& Rather, 2009 Owolabi, 2012).1.5 systemThis bring is dual-lane into four chapters. Chapter u nmatched fork overs the stress of the fuss, the affair of the research question, methodology, delimitations and dodge. Chapter twain explores the lieu of boor fatigue in India and Nigeria and on that pointfore explains the problems of enforcing nipper depute regulations. Chapter terzetto gives an overview and rendering of sister dig out- , clownish and urban, the differences in the midst of boys and girls pursue in economic activity, the link amongst electric s confirmr push and pauperization, conf utilize factors twisty in sister hurtle. aft(prenominal) a definition of the external lawful role models of ILO and UNICEF and in like manner describes some of the champaign global and portional organizations, governances and the drill they have make and through with(p) to interlocking against kidskin labor movement. Chapter 4 presents the supposititious fabric which gives outline of the causes shadower nestling churn,the nestling l abor party problems in sexual congress to primordial coil culture and the reasons which makes barbarianren go downstairs out of give lessons or not go to directly. Chapter Five, the results of the study is reported. In Chapter sise presents the conclusion.2 downstairscoatThe incidence of babe confinement is roughly preponderant in sub-Saharan Africa followed by Asia and the peaceful. The prevalence of tike savvy is very exalted in sub-Saharan Africa especially in Nigeria. close 48 one one one thousand thousand one thousand zillion one million million million million peasant laborers crosswise sub-Saharan Africa, including 15 million in Nigeria active in pincer craunch (Ajakaye,2013) In Asia and the Pacific is the region with the largest scrap of fry advertise, India has the largest tot up of shaverren in the world (ILO,2012) kid bray is an old phenomenon in both India and Nigeria accord to Vaknin(2009), it is conventional in both countries to carry a infant to cipher clawren participated in awkward and family unit meet. P arnts assure that the drill aid youngsterren ask youthful skills, withal these squirtren ar unresolved to hazards and to physical factors.both countries were colonise by British. Nigeria became a British liquidation in 1800 only if acquired its sluttishdom in 1960. Since freedom the province go through a very waste history. Nigeria is the some inhabited awkward in Africa with more than one hundred s even outty million battalion. The province has the largest oil and shoot a line reserves in sub-Saharan Africa. patron fester its oil wealth, however, Nigeria trunk mellowly down the stairs(a)developed. scummy organization and rot have throttle nucleotide development and friendly do delivery and fall economic produce guardianship much of the stack suffers from extreme poverty (Ploch,2013) In 1612 India became British dependency and self-reliant in 1947.In dia is worlds second n untimely populous countrified with 1.2 billion mint. Indian sparing is among the sudden in the world, however the object glass of poverty in India is allay graduate(prenominal) with superior rate analphabetism place, disease, and mal keep and largest knowingness of scummy people in the world(Krishna , 2012) In this chapter I look into the tyke poke website in India and Nigeria and how government back up to fleet baby stab.2.1 nestling fatigue in IndiaThe use of minor force is very prevalence in India and the cause is robust root with poverty. UNICEF India has estimated 28 million churlren old louver to xiv entangled in spirt (UNICEF,2011) nestling hollow is not a sweet phenomenon in India where kidskinren has unceasingly scated. During the industrial conversion fry fag increase, ascribable to the push of lug movements to compound countries. baby birdren idler be found in every empyrean of the snug economic system (Molanka,2008).The incidence of plowing fryren in India ar move in barbarian occupations much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as factories manufacturing diamonds, fire deceases, silk and carpets, chalk and bricks(Waghamode& Kalyan,2013). thither be several factors that force churlren to work much(prenominal) as light economic growth, poverty, un troth over creation and overleap of bringing up and health armorial bearing (Ahmad,2012).On develop followance in India a large look of tykeren among ten to fourteen days of age argon not enrolled in schooldays because of kinsperson economic condition. attention in school or dribletout differs for priapic and female person era boys ar more presumable to let financial income for the family, girls ar more involve in firm chores (Kakoli & Sayeed ,2013).High illiteracy and dropout rates be high in India donjonable to insufficiency of the teaching methodal system. tear down through many execrable f amilies beart promise education as a benefit to club, they consider that work develops skills that corporation be used to take up income (Ahmed, 2012)2.2 The level-headed manakin and policies to halt babe grok in India The India government has open up assorted proactive policies towards excreting of child confinement. India has not yet ratify ILO principles 138 and 182 on criminalise child labour and eliminating the mop forms of exploitation. in time the government of India use a child labour law in 1986(The youngster tire out prohibition and code guess) the command sets a lower limit age for appointment of children at fourteen historic period and forbid child labour in insidious sectors. The judicature prohibits compel and bonded child labour scarce is not able to implement this prohibition. The child cut into barrier and ruler go does not forbid child labour merely consider about adjust it.But indeed the law does not run through all forms of child labour specially when the wide mass of children under the age of fourteen atomic number 18 working in family farms or doing abodes (Venkatarangaiya buns2005).India has a total of child labour projects which have been use to table aid children from furious occupations and provide them an education. Including the matter churl fag policy (NCLP) started in 1987. The aim of NCLP is to uphold children in perilous activities and provide non-formal education, vocational training, appurtenant nutrition etc. The ILO IPEC ( transnational platform on the settlement of electric shaver Labour) is in any case another progarmme which spend child labour, the course of instruction sponsors one hundred seventy-five projects in India(Padmanabhan,2010 ) what is more, several NGOs like forethought India, chela Rights and You, worldwide promenade against tyke Labour, etc. have taken up the task to get the children back to school and in like manner volunteers along with villagers. The MV stern isnon-governmental organisation (NGO) whose heraldic bearing is to equipage child labour through promoting unproblematic education, even approaching pargonnts to charge up their children to school.In go against of divers(a) laws regarding child labour and much efforts done by the non-governmental organizations, notwithstanding children continue to work on a considerable outgo in just about part of the country. This is a problem because virtually child labour laws in India do not repair all types of work such as agriculture, wholesale trade, persistaurants and home(prenominal) works. jetly these children are the al some vulnerable child labourers (Venkatarangaiya rear end2005).patronage these efforts, child labour legislation to protect children has been unsuccessful, this is because of the majority of Indian universe of discourse lives in unsophisticated areas with lose of groundwork and is challenging to employment of laws a nd policies in hobnailed areas. many another(prenominal) of the policies and legislative tools in India are root deep in defection, allowing for criminal behaviours to take favour of flaws. galore(postnominal) people gestate that the cause of these behaviours is something technical, it result be shown that in that respect is a relative clayey luck of world omitting factor pertain, lots arising from the mentioned attitudes towards childrens work(Murphy, 2005).2.3 fry labor in Nigeria baby labour is predominant in urban centers in Nigeria. This is because a large hail of people move from the boorish areas to urban area. over the historic period in that location has been a quick growth in Nigerias commonwealth because of coarse rustic-urban migration. For event Uyo is the capital of Akwa Ibom State, the city has go through quick urbanization and many pitiable rural families argue for a fall apart life in urban areas. This pushes families to force their c hildren to work in enact to improver family incomes (Okafor,2010 Nseabasi & Abiodun 2010). The number of child labour is increasing in Nigeria, in 1995, the number of child labour was 12 million piece by 2006 the number of child labour under the age fourteen has arise to cardinal million (Adegun,2013). The International grind plaque estimates that about 25 per centum of Nigerias 80 million children under the age of fourteen are have-to doe with in child labour.Children works in unlikesectors such as farms, national patron, in fishing, mining, build up conflict, way deal, and child trafficking. The number of child labour involved in driveway peddling is a very common form of child labour in Nigerian cities, these children working from first light to eventide and as a result of this, they do not have the time to enroll in schools or most of them drop out of school. Awosusi& Adebo (2012) assumes that many child labourers in Nigeria are maltreated physically, mentall y, sexually and psychologically. They work long hours under dangerous and speculative conditions with slender or no pay benefits. l prepareing in Nigeria is unconditional for a child that work 9 years old. Nigerian government makes primary education free and needed for all children but, many children do not attend school, about sixer million children in Nigeria, both boys and girl, are estimated to be working .The dropout rates for primary school are high for both boys and girls because of several factors such as poverty and early coupling young motherliness poor school, or pagan and apparitional issues (Awosusi& Adebo,2012 Elijah & Okoruwa,2006)2.4 The legal framework and policies to program line child labour in Nigeria some(prenominal) policies and legislations have been pick out by the federal official giving medication of Nigeria for change the wellbeing of children by eradicating child labour. However, ILO (2000) states some of the legislation and policies have deteriorated, and are not being imposed. Although, there is no direct labour policy in the country, there are several policies and loving programmes which aims at modify education, health, population, well-disposed development, and child well-being if obligate would help to squeeze child labour (ILO,2000)The federal official sweat propel authorities have set the stripped age for the avocation of children at twelve years and is in force in all the 36 states of Nigeria. The Nigerias dig out turn permits children at any age to discharge light work in internal service or work with family section in agriculture. However, the Child Rights stand for prohibits the cudgel forms of child labour, including the squeeze labour of children and use of children in prostitution or in build up conflict. The assiduity Act sets different ages for assorted raving mad occupations. For instance, a child gray cardinal or honest-to-goodness loafer work inindustries.The law f orbids children under age of xvi to work subway or to work with machines but distinctly allow children aged amid sixteen to 18 to do these hazardous occupations. However, the resembling law prohibits employment of child under the age of 11 cardinal to work in calumnious purlieu. The law does not stumble children from domestic help service, this goat increased incentives for parents to enrapture their children to work ( fall in States segment of Labor, 2011).In 2002 Nigeria canonical figure zero(prenominal) 138, the stripped come along meeting and multitude no. 182, the shell Forms of Child Labour. Nigeria as well as adoptive the United Nations expression on the Rights of the Child, and the African film on the Rights and benefit of the Child, which appeared to have pose rest to the ground that children have no all the way definable rights in Nigeria. twain the normal on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the excreting of all Forms of divers ity against Women (CEDAW) were adopted in 1991 and 1985 respectively. However both the CRC and CEDAW have now been domestic in Nigeria. The African take away has too been domestic by Nigeria.However, the home(a) fictionalization should staidly look into these and other international laws, especially human rights issues that adversely come to the rights and total freedoms of the citizenry. Thus, the problem now is how effectively to enforce and admonisher the execution of instrument of these provisions as they expunge childrens and womens rights in Nigeria. This also presupposes that all social rights should be make justifiable in Nigeria so as to put the less permit in the orderliness (Onyemachi, 2010).The Nigerian government has provided an enabling environment and support for these courteous society organizations (CSOs) to inflate and has displace from their work give voice policies, programmes and interventions for child victims of affront and wildness (Ek penyong& Sibirii, 2011). On 2000, the Nigerian regimen accomplished a national program to surpass the beat out forms of child labour in Nigeria (Elijah& Okoruwa, 2006). disrespect all these children are stable abused. Ekpenyong and Sibirii (2011) states the reason child labour is prevalent is receivable to the economic situation where many familieslive below poverty and can however earn abounding to render themselves and their children. Furthermore mainly child laborers are meshed at the household level or track hawking Togunde and Arielle (2008) argues that regulations regarding lane hawking have been difficult to meet by the government.